A genotype dependent-response to cadmium contamination in soil is displayed by Pinus pinaster in symbiosis with different mycorrhizal fungi

Soil contamination with Cd is of primary concern and beneficial soil restoration strategies urge. The aim of this work is to evaluate the response of two different genotypes of Pinus pinaster (wild and selected) to Cd contamination and to assess how inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi, Suillus bovinus and Rhizopogon roseolus, influenced each genotype. Seedlings were exposed to soil contaminated at 15 and 30mgCdkg-1. Plant growth, mycorrhizal traits and Cd accumulation in different tissues of the plant were determined at harvest. The fungal community was assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. At 15mgCdkg-1 S. bovinus increased aboveground development in both genotypes. At 30mgCdkg-1 non-inoculated wild genotype accumulated more Cd in the shoots (1.7-fold) than the selected genotype; inoculation with R. roseolus decreased Cd concentration in the roots of the selected genotype whereas the opposite occurred in the wild genotype. Cd concentration in the root system was the parameter most influenced by the interaction between the three studied variables. The fungal community established was affected by the Cd concentration in the soil. Results show that different genotypes of P. pinaster react differently to Cd exposure depending on the mycorrhizal association. The importance of considering the combination between plant genotype and its symbiotic partners when aiming at the forestation of degraded land is highlighted.