Actions to control the fear of falling in older people: an umbrella review

Background Fear of falling in older adults is a multifactorial psychological condition associated with the degree of confidence in performing activities of daily living without falling, leading to reduced physical activity, quality of life, and life satisfaction, and resulting in social isolation. Purpose This study aimed to summarize and evaluate effective actions to control fear of falling in older adults. Method An umbrella review of interventions that control fear of falling in people aged ≥60 years was conducted, in accordance with JBI and PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted in six electronic databases: CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Reviews, and JBI Databases, during the period from February to April 2024. Results Of a total of 706 references identified, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Of those included, eleven studies are systematic review, three studies are meta-analysis, and eleven studies are systematic review with meta-analysis. Five types of action to control fear of falling with therapeutic potential were identified: Physical and functional therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined strategies; Multifactorial preventive programs; Technological interventions. Conclusions The results of this umbrella review indicate that holistic exercises (Tai Chi, Yoga, Pilates) are the most effective in mitigating fear of falling in older adults. Interventions that incorporate multimodal approaches also appear to be beneficial. The combination of physical and cognitive actions is widely recognized as effective and long-lasting. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of actions over time.