O pensamento estético e as bases da consciência ético-política à luz da fenomenologia de Mikel Dufrenne

Our aim, with this work, is to contribute to the analysis of the implications between the aesthetic experience and the experience of social and political values, two fundamental modalities of our experience of the world. The reference point of this analysis is the philosopher Mikel Dufrenne’s set of texts, in which he develops more systematically these questions, namely the texts: Art et politique (1974); “Comment peut-on aller au cinéma?” (1976); “Création et engagement politique” (1976); "L’art de masse existe-t-il?" (1976); Subversion, Perversion (1977); “Arte e società” (1981); “Le spect-acteur du film” (1981); “Vie de l’art, art de la vie” (1989); “Révolution dans l’art?” (1990). In this perspective, we are interested in exploring the theoretical-practical relations between the two fields of human experience, especially the way in which the experience of aisthesis promotes, in the domain of political action, the awareness of an ideal of justice and balance. The importance of M. Dufrenne's approach is, for us, triple justified. First of all, because it moves within a phenomenology open to the philosophy of ethical and political action. Secondly, for the articulation of Kant's “disinterested” contemplation of the beauty and the sublime with the community dimension of existence. Finally, for the intersection of an affective a priori - transcendental and ontological/metaphysical foundation of the subject's relationship with the world - with the aisthesis experience, inserted in the temporality and historicity of the polis. In summary, this approach bears a prominent view to reflect on the role of art and aesthetic experience in the crossroads where are today political thought and action.