@article{0389533627e642a9b61c60ddc17f6c94,
title = "Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the control of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae transmission by kiwifruit pollen",
abstract = "Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen responsible for bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants and can be disseminated through pollen. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the inactivation of Psa on kiwifruit pollen using New Methylene Blue (NMB) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence/absence of potassium iodide (KI). Pollen germination assays were also performed to evaluate if it was affected by aPDT. Higher reduction of Psa was achieved using NMB (5.0 µM) combined with KI (100 mM) in vitro (ca. 8 log CFU mL−1 after 90 min of irradiation), while NMB alone promoted a lower reduction (3.7 log CFU mL−1). The most efficient NMB concentration with KI was used to study the photodynamic efficiency of MB (5.0 µM). MB with KI photo-inactivated Psa more efficiently than NMB, causing the same bacterial reduction (ca. 8 log CFU mL−1) in half the irradiation time (45 min). Therefore, MB was selected for the subsequent ex vivo aPDT assays in pollen. Almost all the Psa cells added artificially to the pollen (3.2 log CFU mL−1) were photo-inactivated (3.1 log CFU mL−1), whereas aPDT had a low effect on pollen natural microorganisms. When KI was added, a significant increase in aPDT effectiveness was observed (4.5 log CFU mL−1). No negative effects were observed in the pollen germination after aPDT. The results show aPDT is an effective and safe method to Psa inactivation on kiwifruit pollen, and MB use is a promising alternative in the control of Psa transmission.",
keywords = "Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, Bacterial infection, Kiwifruit pollen, Photosensitizers, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae",
author = "Lopes, {Margarida M.} and Maria Bartolomeu and Gomes, {Ana T. P. C.} and Etelvina Figueira and Ricardo Pinto and Lu{\'i}s Reis and Balc{\~a}o, {Victor M.} and Faustino, {M. Amparo F.} and Neves, {M. Gra{\c c}a P. M. S.} and Adelaide Almeida",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to University of Aveiro and the Departments of Biology and Chemistry were the experiments were done, and to the Portuguese Association of Kiwifruit Growers for the kiwifruit pollen that has been kindly given for the tests. The authors are also grateful to CESAM and LAQV-REQUIMTE and to their respective funding sources. Victor M. Balc{\~a}o is grateful to the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo (FAPESP, S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil) (FAPESP Ref. No. 2018/05522-9 (Project PsaPhageKill)) by the BPE fellowship granted, and to the CNPq, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Brazil, for the Research Productivity (PQ) fellowships granted (Refs. No. 306113/2014-7 and 308208/2017-0). Maria Bartolomeu thanks to the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT) for her doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/121645/2016). Funding Information: This research was funded by FCT/MCTES through the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017 /2020+UIDB/50017/2020) and LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020) and co-financed by the FEDER, through COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza??o (POCI), and by national funds (OE), through FCT/MCTES. Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to University of Aveiro and the Departments of Biology and Chemistry were the experiments were done, and to the Portuguese Association of Kiwifruit Growers for the kiwifruit pollen that has been kindly given for the tests. The authors are also grateful to CESAM and LAQV-REQUIMTE and to their respective funding sources. Victor M. Balc?o is grateful to the Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo (FAPESP, S?o Paulo, Brazil) (FAPESP Ref. No. 2018/05522-9 (Project PsaPhageKill)) by the BPE fellowship granted, and to the CNPq, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Brazil, for the Research Productivity (PQ) fellowships granted (Refs. No. 306113/2014-7 and 308208/2017-0). Maria Bartolomeu thanks to the Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT) for her doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/121645/2016). Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by FCT/MCTES through the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017 /2020+UIDB/50017/2020) and LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020) and co-financed by the FEDER, through COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza{\c c}{\~a}o (POCI), and by national funds (OE), through FCT/MCTES. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2020",
month = jul,
day = "10",
doi = "10.3390/microorganisms8071022",
language = "English",
volume = "8",
pages = "1--16",
journal = "Microorganisms",
issn = "2076-2607",
publisher = "MDPI",
number = "7",
}