@article{b66dbd056a4146cd94d2e590c7a1f67a,
title = "Application of a fiber optic refractometric sensor to measure the concentration of paracetamol in crystallization experiments",
abstract = "A refractometric sensor was applied to measure in real-time the concentration of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in crystallization experiments. Paracetamol was used as a model system due to the extensive literature available for this API. The refractometric sensor was fabricated by a simple and inexpensive method that consisted in splicing a short section of a multimode fiber to a single mode fiber. The compact geometry of this sensor, with an external diameter of just 125\ \mu\mathrm{m}, allowed it to measure the concentration of paracetamol, both in a stirred tank crystallizer operating in batch and in an oscillatory flow crystallizer operating continuously. The proposed technique shows the potential to monitor the concentration of APIs in crystallizers of different sizes and geometries as an alternative to more expensive and complex analysis equipment.",
author = "Liliana Soares and Patricia Cruz and Susana Novais and Antonio Ferreira and Orlando Frezao and Susana Silva",
note = "Funding Information: L. Soares acknowledges doctoral scholarship 2020.05297.BD, and P. Cruz acknowledges doctoral scholarship [SFRH/ BD/119391/2016], both supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Funding Information: However, the use of PAT in these crystallizers is still limited by the diameters of the probes which typically exceed the diameter of the tubes/channels. In the literature it is possible to find studies in which the concentration of paracetamol was measured in real-time by a dielectric constant sensor [5], a densitometer [6], attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform This work was financially supported by: Base Funding [UIDB/50014/2020] of INESC TEC, Base Funding [UIDB/00511/2020] and Programmatic Funding [UIDP/00511/2020] of LEPABE - funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1998-2012 IEEE.",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1109/MIM.2021.9491002",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "36--40",
journal = "IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine",
issn = "1094-6969",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "5",
}