@article{ca9a55a84b6344698fba080891d678a0,
title = "Association between parental and offspring BMI: results from EPACI Portugal 2012",
abstract = "Objective: To assess the longitudinal association between parental BMI and offspring's BMI, in EPACI Portugal 2012. Design: Longitudinal study with retrospective collection of children's anthropometry data since birth. Children's anthropometric data were gathered from individual child health bulletins, and parents' anthropometrics were self-reported. Children's and parents' BMI were classified according to WHO cut-offs. Linear mixed models with random intercept and slope for age were applied to quantify the association between parental BMI and children BMI Z-score (zBMI). Setting: EPACI Portugal 2012. Participants: Representative sample from the Portuguese population (n 2230) aged from 12 to 36 months. Results: 58·9 % of the fathers and 35·6 % of the mothers were overweight (OW) or obese. Prevalence of infants who were, at least, at risk of OW increased from 17·0 % to 30·3 % since birth to 12 months. About half of the mothers with pre-pregnancy OW and obesity (OB) gained gestational weight above the recommendations. The children from mothers with gestational weight gain (GWG) below the recommendations showed a -0·15 SD lower zBMI (95 % CI -0·23, -0·06) in early life, comparing with mothers within GWG recommendations. Children of obese mothers were more likely to present a higher zBMI (0·24 SD, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·35) throughout the first months of life. Conclusions: A high prevalence of OW and OB was observed in Portuguese young adults and toddlers. Mothers' pre-pregnancy BMI and insufficient GWG had a direct effect on offspring BMI. Early effective interventions are needed in order to prevent the transgenerational transmission of OB.",
keywords = "Body mass index, Obesity, Offspring, Parents",
author = "Margarida Nazareth and Elisabete Pinto and Milton Severo and Carla Lopes and Carla R{\^e}go",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements: The project had institutional support from the General Directorate of Health (DGS). The authors are grateful to all the families involved in EPACI Portugal 2012 for their participation, to all members of the fieldwork team for their dedication and to all professionals of the health units and other departments for their help. Financial support: EPACI Portugal 2012 was funded by Nutricia Early Life Nutrition. The work of M.N. was supported by FCT – Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia through the PhD Grant SFRH/BD/89293/2012. This work was supported by National Funds from FCT through project UIDB/Multi/50016/2020. Nutricia Early Life Nutrition and FCT had no role in the article elaboration, as well as in its design or analysis. Conflicts of interest: There are no conflicts of interest. Authorship: M.N. was responsible for the coordination of fieldwork and data collection, conducted the treatment of data, performed statistical analysis, contributed to the interpretation of data and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. E.P. contributed to the study design, was responsible for the fieldwork and data collection supervision, performed data and statistical analysis and revised the manuscript. M.S. performed statistical analysis and interpretation of data. C.L. contributed to the study design and revised the final version of the manuscript. C.R. was responsible for the coordination of the project, contributed to the study design, interpretation of data and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the Ethics Committee of Catholic University of Portugal, by all the Ethics Committees of the five Health Regional Administrations and by the Portuguese Data Protection Authority. Written informed consent was obtained from all the caregivers of the participant children. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}",
year = "2021",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1017/S1368980021001543",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "2798--2807",
journal = "Public health nutrition",
issn = "1368-9800",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "10",
}
