Postos de trabalho em salões de beleza (cabeleireiros esteticistas, manicuras/ pedicuras): principais riscos e fatores de risco laborais, doenças profissionais associadas e medidas de proteção recomendadas

Introduction / framework / objectives: In salons the employees are usually stratified into specific categories: hairdresser, beautician, cosmetologist, manicurist/ pedicurist and helpers; however, in practice, there is usually some polyvalence, due to the usual accumulation of functions or only in more specific situations (such as holidays or absence due to illness). Overall, it is believed that these professionals are exposed to numerous risks/ risk factors, some of which are not clear to employees/ employers and/ or not highly valued. In addition, exposure to the risks of colleagues with different tasks is not uncommon, given the spatial proximity to which they all exercise. Methodology: This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a survey conducted in May 2017 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete and RCAAP “. Content: The main risk factors for the professionals of this sector highlighted in the consulted bibliography are the chemical and biological agents, maintained postures, abduction of the upper limbs, repetitive movements; foreign body penetration (with prominence for cropped hair), wet work; inadequate illumination; electromagnetic radiation; noise, thermal discomfort and issues related to the organization of work (reduced work space, sharing of the same area by several professionals, tasks dependent on peers’ execution time and vice versa, long shifts, shortening or lack of breaks and economical compensation dependent on productivity and direct customer satisfaction). Conclusions The main collective protection measures identified in the selected bibliography were ventilation enhancement, closure of chemical agent packaging (when not in use); adequate illumination and cleaning of luminaries; acquisition of quieter driers and less producers of electromagnetic radiation, shut down electrical equipment that is not being used, wall cladding with sound-absorbing material instead of reflecting it, good maintenance and cleanliness of the equipment; labor link with continuity, increase of base salary and decrease of commissions, better organization of the system of pauses, task rotation; more ergonomic workstations, equipment adapted to the dimensions of each professional; education and promotion for occupational health, uniformity of minimum legal requirements to exercise, improvement of legislation and increased inspections. The main personal protective equipment mentioned were the gloves, uniform/ apron, mask, glasses and eventually compression stockings and elastic wrist, if appropriate. The risks/ possible occupational diseases associated with this sector are allergic contact eczema/ dermatitis, urticaria, photodermatitis, interdigital pilonidal disease, paronychia, onycholysis; eye irritation/ conjunctivitis; asthma, granulomatous lung disease, alveolitis; cancers (bladder, oropharynx, lung); HIV, hepatitis B and C; obstetric problems (preterm birth, low birth weight and eventually miscarriage); carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis and other musculoskeletal injuries; hypoacusis and stress.