Catheter-related right atrial endocarditis in a dialysis patient

Hemodialysis catheters are frequently used for vascular access in end-stage chronic kidney disease patients lacking mature arteriovenous fistula. The incidence of infective endocarditis in hemodialysis patients is higher than in the general population and is associated with severe and potentially life-threatening complications. A high index of suspicion is imperative for early diagnosis and timely intervention to enhance the prognosis of this high-mortality condition. Imaging studies, like transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, are crucial for prompt diagnosis. We present a case of a 36-year-old woman undergoing hemodialysis, whose prolonged use of a permanent catheter led to the development of infective endocarditis complicated with septic pulmonary embolism. Our case report presents an example of right atrial endocarditis with a poor outcome due to delayed diagnosis.