Combined effect of plasma-activated water, edible coating, and active packaging on cherry tomato shelf-life: kinetics and microbiome approach

Cherry tomatoes are highly appreciated for their nutritional value but remain highly perishable due to rapid respiration and senescence. This study evaluated a multi-hurdle strategy combining plasma-activated water (PAW), sodium caseinate-based edible coating, and antioxidant active packaging to preserve minimally processed (MP) cherry tomatoes stored at 1 °C, 4 °C, and 8 °C for 15 days. Quality evolution was monitored through physical, chemical, nutritional, and microbiological parameters and described using pseudo-zero- and first-order kinetic models, with temperature dependence expressed by the Arrhenius equation. The combined treatment (prototype) slowed the degradation rates of pH, titratable acidity, total polyphenols, and antioxidant capacity, as reflected by consistently lower kinetic rate constants across all temperatures. Prototype samples showed better retention of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, particularly at 1 °C and 4 °C, without detrimental effects on visual appearance. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the multi-hurdle treatment reshaped the microbial community, reducing the relative abundance of potentially problematic taxa such as Acinetobacter johnsonii and limiting the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes at the end of storage. This study provides the first integrated assessment of PAW, edible coating, and antioxidant active packaging as a synergistic multi-hurdle strategy, demonstrating their combined ability to extend shelf life while modulating the microbiome and resistome of minimally processed cherry tomatoes.