TY - JOUR
T1 - Conserved candidate antigens and nanoparticles to develop vaccine against giardia intestinalis
AU - Sangkanu, Suthinee
AU - Paul, Alok K.
AU - Chuprom, Julalak
AU - Mitsuwan, Watcharapong
AU - Boonhok, Rachasak
AU - de Lourdes Pereira, Maria
AU - Oliveira, Sonia Marlene Rodrigues
AU - Wilairatana, Polrat
AU - Rahmatullah, Mohammed
AU - Wiart, Christophe
AU - Nawaz, Muhammad
AU - Sin, Chea
AU - Kayesth, Sunil
AU - Nissapatorn, Veeranoot
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lambia, Giardia duodenalis) infections in humans may be asymptomatic or symptomatic and associated with diarrhea (without blood), abdominal cramps, bloating, flatulence, and weight loss. The protozoan Giardia is the third most common cause of diarrhea and death in children under five, preceded only by rotavirus and by Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis infections. Antimicrobial drugs, particularly 5-nitroimidazole (5-NIs), are used to treat giardiasis in humans. Immunologically naive or immunocompromised host are more vulnerable to Giardia infection, whereas a degree of resistance to this protozoan is present in humans living in endemic areas. This suggests that vaccination may be a potential and appropriate means to control this parasitic disease outbreak and protect the human population. This review discusses Giardia antigens related to vaccine development. Additionally, based on the latest development of nanoparticle technology, a combination of methods for future research and development is proposed for the design of the next generation of powerful immunogens and an effective vaccine against Giardia.
AB - Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lambia, Giardia duodenalis) infections in humans may be asymptomatic or symptomatic and associated with diarrhea (without blood), abdominal cramps, bloating, flatulence, and weight loss. The protozoan Giardia is the third most common cause of diarrhea and death in children under five, preceded only by rotavirus and by Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis infections. Antimicrobial drugs, particularly 5-nitroimidazole (5-NIs), are used to treat giardiasis in humans. Immunologically naive or immunocompromised host are more vulnerable to Giardia infection, whereas a degree of resistance to this protozoan is present in humans living in endemic areas. This suggests that vaccination may be a potential and appropriate means to control this parasitic disease outbreak and protect the human population. This review discusses Giardia antigens related to vaccine development. Additionally, based on the latest development of nanoparticle technology, a combination of methods for future research and development is proposed for the design of the next generation of powerful immunogens and an effective vaccine against Giardia.
KW - Giardia antigens
KW - Giardia intestinalis
KW - Giardiasis
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Vaccine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85146759095&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/vaccines11010096
DO - 10.3390/vaccines11010096
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36679941
AN - SCOPUS:85146759095
SN - 2076-393X
VL - 11
JO - Vaccines
JF - Vaccines
IS - 1
M1 - 96
ER -
