TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytotoxic effects of submicron- and nano-scale titanium debris released from dental implants
T2 - an integrative review
AU - Messous, Redouane
AU - Henriques, Bruno
AU - Bousbaa, Hassan
AU - Silva, Filipe S.
AU - Teughels, Wim
AU - Souza, Júlio C. M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - Objective: This integrative review aimed to report the toxic effect of submicron and nano-scale commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) debris on cells of peri-implant tissues. Materials and methods: A systematic search was carried out on the PubMed electronic platform using the following key terms: Ti “OR” titanium “AND” dental implants “AND” nanoparticles “OR” nano-scale debris “OR” nanometric debris “AND” osteoblasts “OR “cytotoxicity” OR “macrophage” OR “mutagenic” OR “peri-implantitis”. The inclusion criteria involved articles published in the English language, until December 26, 2020, reporting the effect of nano-scale titanium particles as released from dental implants on the toxicity and damage of osteoblasts. Results: Of 258 articles identified, 14 articles were selected for this integrative review. Submicron and nano-scale cp Ti particles altered the behavior of cells in culture medium. An inflammatory response was triggered by macrophages, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells, and odontoblasts as indicated by the detection of several inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2. The formation of a bioactive complex composed of calcium and phosphorus on titanium nanoparticles allowed their binding to proteins leading to the cell internalization phenomenon. The nanoparticles induced mutagenic and carcinogenic effects into the cells. Conclusions: The cytotoxic effect of debris released from dental implants depends on the size, concentration, and chemical composition of the particles. A high concentration of particles on nanometric scale intensifies the inflammatory responses with mutagenic potential of the surrounding cells. Clinical relevance: Titanium ions and debris have been detected in peri-implant tissues with different size, concentration, and forms. The presence of metallic debris at peri-implant tissues also stimulates the migration of immune cells and inflammatory reactions. Cp Ti and TiO2 micro- and nano-scale particles can reach the bloodstream, accumulating in lungs, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
AB - Objective: This integrative review aimed to report the toxic effect of submicron and nano-scale commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) debris on cells of peri-implant tissues. Materials and methods: A systematic search was carried out on the PubMed electronic platform using the following key terms: Ti “OR” titanium “AND” dental implants “AND” nanoparticles “OR” nano-scale debris “OR” nanometric debris “AND” osteoblasts “OR “cytotoxicity” OR “macrophage” OR “mutagenic” OR “peri-implantitis”. The inclusion criteria involved articles published in the English language, until December 26, 2020, reporting the effect of nano-scale titanium particles as released from dental implants on the toxicity and damage of osteoblasts. Results: Of 258 articles identified, 14 articles were selected for this integrative review. Submicron and nano-scale cp Ti particles altered the behavior of cells in culture medium. An inflammatory response was triggered by macrophages, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells, and odontoblasts as indicated by the detection of several inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2. The formation of a bioactive complex composed of calcium and phosphorus on titanium nanoparticles allowed their binding to proteins leading to the cell internalization phenomenon. The nanoparticles induced mutagenic and carcinogenic effects into the cells. Conclusions: The cytotoxic effect of debris released from dental implants depends on the size, concentration, and chemical composition of the particles. A high concentration of particles on nanometric scale intensifies the inflammatory responses with mutagenic potential of the surrounding cells. Clinical relevance: Titanium ions and debris have been detected in peri-implant tissues with different size, concentration, and forms. The presence of metallic debris at peri-implant tissues also stimulates the migration of immune cells and inflammatory reactions. Cp Ti and TiO2 micro- and nano-scale particles can reach the bloodstream, accumulating in lungs, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
KW - Cytotoxicity
KW - Debris
KW - Genotoxicity
KW - Integrative review
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Titanium
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101271260&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00784-021-03785-z
DO - 10.1007/s00784-021-03785-z
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33616805
AN - SCOPUS:85101271260
SN - 1432-6981
VL - 25
SP - 1627
EP - 1640
JO - Clinical Oral Investigations
JF - Clinical Oral Investigations
IS - 4
ER -