@article{7337a4b9d74a4bb4862719c949390194,
title = "Early visual cortical structural changes in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy",
abstract = "Background: It is known that diabetic patients have changes in cortical morphometry as compared to controls, but it remains to be clarified whether the visual cortex is a disease target, even when diabetes complications such as retinopathy are absent. Therefore, we compared type 2 diabetes patients without diabetic retinopathy with control subjects using magnetic resonance imaging to assess visual cortical changes when retinal damage is not yet present. Methods: We performed T1-weighted imaging in 24 type 2 diabetes patients without diabetic retinopathy and 27 age- and gender-matched controls to compare gray matter changes in the occipital cortex between groups using voxel based morphometry. Results: Patients without diabetic retinopathy showed reduced gray matter volume in the occipital lobe when compared with controls. Conclusions: Reduced gray matter volume in the occipital cortex was found in diabetic patients without retinal damage. We conclude that cortical early visual processing regions may be affected in diabetic patients even before retinal damage occurs.",
keywords = "DARTEL, Diabetic retinopathy, T1-w sMRI, Type 2 diabetes, VBM",
author = "Ferreira, {F{\'a}bio S.} and Pereira, {Jo{\~a}o M.S.} and Aldina Reis and Mafalda Sanches and Duarte, {Jo{\~a}o V.} and Leonor Gomes and Carolina Moreno and Miguel Castelo-Branco",
note = "Funding Information: Funding This work was funded by the following grants: INFARMED provided financial support in the form of the grant FIS-2015-01_DIA_20150630–173. The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this research. FCT provided financial support in the form of the grants COMPETE, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 - UID/NEU/04539/ 2013–2020, PAC – MEDPERSYST, POCI-01-0145. The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this research. CCDRC provided financial support in the form of the grants FEDER-016428, BIGDATIMAGE, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000016 financed by Centro 2020 FEDER, COMPETE, FCT-UID/4539/2013 – COMPETE. The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this research. Funding Information: This work was funded by the following grants: INFARMED provided financial support in the form of the grant FIS-2015-01_DIA_20150630?173. The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this research. FCT provided financial support in the form of the grants COMPETE, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 - UID/NEU/04539/2013?2020, PAC ? MEDPERSYST, POCI-01-0145. The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this research. CCDRC provided financial support in the form of the grants FEDER-016428, BIGDATIMAGE, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000016 financed by Centro 2020 FEDER, COMPETE, FCT-UID/4539/2013 ? COMPETE. The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this research. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers? bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.",
year = "2017",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s00417-017-3752-4",
language = "English",
volume = "255",
pages = "2113--2118",
journal = "Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology",
issn = "0721-832X",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
number = "11",
}
