@article{c31fa2cde58f4c7b8cca8790e991713b,
title = "Episcopal appointments and royal power: theory and practice of an unwritten privilege in medieval Portugal",
abstract = "The aim of this article is to study the role of kings in the episcopal appointments in Portugal from 1245 to 1357. This chronology covers the period marked by the government of three kings: Afonso III, Dinis and Afonso IV on what it is a crucial phase in the construction of Portuguese royalty after the deposition of king Sancho II by the pope in 1245. At the same time the procedures of episcopal elections are considerable defined by the papacy and the canon law, leaving less space for royal influence. That is why we will reflect about the forms this influence can adopt as a key element in the king's policy of reward loyalty.",
keywords = "Ecclesiastical careers, Episcopal appointments, Middle ages, Royal power",
author = "Vilar, {Herm{\'i}nia Vasconcelos}",
note = "Funding Information: 1. This article takes part of the research project A Dimens{\~a}o Europeia de um grupo de Poder: o clero na constru{\c c}{\~a}o pol{\'i}tica das Monarquias Peninsulares (secs. XIII–XV) (PTDC/EPH-HIS/4964/2012, within the scope of the Centro Interdisciplinar de Hist{\'o}ria, Culturas e Sociedades da Universidade de {\'E}vora-Projeto UID/HIS/00057/2013), supported by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER-(through the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza{\c c}{\~a}o-COMPETE-, Portugal 2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007702) and funded by the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia-FCT-. 2. “Seeking to strengthen his authority, the King sends his letters to the church chapters - usually one to the chapter and one to each canon - campaigning for the royal clergymen and for other less honorable ones. And he does that in the hope that those churches may follow his will. And, despite the fact that he campaigns for those clergymen in his letters, the truth is that he threatens the churches and chapters that elect as bishop someone other than the one he names in them. And he does that in both the greater and the smaller churches that need to elect a prelate or a rector”.Ordena{\c c}{\~o}es Afonsinas. Lisbon: Funda{\c c}{\~a}o Calouste Gulbenkian, 1984: II, 22-23 (Titulo I, artigo XXVIII). 3. These agreements or {\textquoteleft}articles{\textquoteright}, as they are called, were the result of an agreement concluded between the Portuguese prelates and King Dinis{\textquoteright} proxies, under the aegis of the Pope{\textquoteright}s representatives, at the Basilica of Saint Mary Major, in Rome, on February 12th, 1289. This concordat was copied and kept in different archives, other than the pontifical one, to which the document was sent in order to disseminate the agreement that had been reached. Ant{\'o}nio Domingues de Sousa Costa identifies some of the copies kept in different diocesan archives and in the royal archive, as well as several subsequent documents that approve it. The importance of what was agreed at the time justified the fact that the text was included in the Ordena{\c c}{\~o}es Afonsinas, and it is this text that we have used as a base for this introduction. We must also",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.21001/itma.2017.11.09",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "233--254",
journal = "Imago Temporis",
issn = "1888-3931",
publisher = "Consolidated Medieval Studies Research Group",
}