TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of the efficacy of two new biotechnological-based freeze-dried fertilizers for sustainable Fe deficiency correction of soybean plants grown in calcareous soils
AU - Ferreira, Carlos M.H.
AU - López-Rayo, Sandra
AU - Lucena, Juan J.
AU - Soares, Eduardo V.
AU - Soares, Helena M.V.M.
N1 - Funding Information:
CF would like to thank the support from his grant with reference no. SFRH/BD/95490/2013 from FCT.
Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by Project PTDC-AGR-TEC-0458-2014—POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016681—funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES and Project RTI2018-096268-B-I00 by the State Research Agency, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2019 Ferreira, López-Rayo, Lucena, Soares and Soares.
PY - 2019/11/8
Y1 - 2019/11/8
N2 - Currently, fertilization with synthetic chelates is the most effective agricultural practice to prevent iron (Fe) deficiencies in crops, especially in calcareous soils. Because these compounds are not biodegradable, they are persistent in the environment, and so, there is the risk of metal leaching from the soils. Thus, new, more environment-friendly efficient solutions are needed to solve iron-deficiency-induced chlorosis (IDIC) in crops grown in calcareous soils. Therefore, the central aim of this work was to prepare new freeze-dried Fe products, using a biotechnological-based process, from two siderophores bacterial (Azotobacter vinelandii and Bacillus subtilis) cultures (which previously evidenced high Fe complexation ability at pH 9) and test their capacity for amending IDIC of soybean grown in calcareous soils. Results have shown that A. vinelandii iron fertilizer was more stable and interacted less with calcareous soils and its components than B. subtilis one. This behavior was noticeable in pot experiments where chlorotic soybean plants were treated with both fertilizer products. Plants treated with A. vinelandii fertilizer responded more significantly than those treated with B. subtilis one, when evaluated by their growth (20% more dry mass than negative control) and chlorophyll development (30% higher chlorophyll index than negative control) and in most parameters similar to the positive control, ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid). On average, Fe content was also higher in A. vinelandii-treated plants than on B. subtilis-treated ones. Results suggest that this new siderophore-based formulation product, prepared from A. vinelandii culture, can be regarded as a possible viable alternative for replacing the current nongreen Fe-chelating fertilizers and may envisage a sustainable and environment-friendly mending IDIC of soybean plants grown in calcareous soils.
AB - Currently, fertilization with synthetic chelates is the most effective agricultural practice to prevent iron (Fe) deficiencies in crops, especially in calcareous soils. Because these compounds are not biodegradable, they are persistent in the environment, and so, there is the risk of metal leaching from the soils. Thus, new, more environment-friendly efficient solutions are needed to solve iron-deficiency-induced chlorosis (IDIC) in crops grown in calcareous soils. Therefore, the central aim of this work was to prepare new freeze-dried Fe products, using a biotechnological-based process, from two siderophores bacterial (Azotobacter vinelandii and Bacillus subtilis) cultures (which previously evidenced high Fe complexation ability at pH 9) and test their capacity for amending IDIC of soybean grown in calcareous soils. Results have shown that A. vinelandii iron fertilizer was more stable and interacted less with calcareous soils and its components than B. subtilis one. This behavior was noticeable in pot experiments where chlorotic soybean plants were treated with both fertilizer products. Plants treated with A. vinelandii fertilizer responded more significantly than those treated with B. subtilis one, when evaluated by their growth (20% more dry mass than negative control) and chlorophyll development (30% higher chlorophyll index than negative control) and in most parameters similar to the positive control, ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid). On average, Fe content was also higher in A. vinelandii-treated plants than on B. subtilis-treated ones. Results suggest that this new siderophore-based formulation product, prepared from A. vinelandii culture, can be regarded as a possible viable alternative for replacing the current nongreen Fe-chelating fertilizers and may envisage a sustainable and environment-friendly mending IDIC of soybean plants grown in calcareous soils.
KW - Biotechnological-based iron fertilizers
KW - Environmental-friendly iron-chelates
KW - Freeze-dried iron-bacterial siderophores products
KW - Iron chlorosis correction of soybean plants
KW - Sustainable agriculture
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075659122&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2019.01335
DO - 10.3389/fpls.2019.01335
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85075659122
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 14
JO - Frontiers in Plant Science
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
M1 - 1335
ER -
