Exploring eXtended-based Learning approaches in Portuguese higher education: a study in industrial engineering and management

This paper presents a comprehensive study of what is named in this study as eXtended-Based Learning (xBL) approaches within the Portuguese educational landscape, including Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Project-Based Learning (PjBL), Challenge-Based Learning (ChBL), Service-Based Learning, and others. The study will contribute to characterizing different approaches being implemented by educators in Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM). Data was collected through the official website information about the curricular plans of IEM programmes, a survey by a questionnaire to universities (public and private) and polytechnic institutes that manage programmes in Industrial Engineering and Management and semi-structured interviews with six Industrial Engineering and Management educators. The interviews explored the educators’ experiences, perceptions, and challenges in implementing these pedagogical approaches. With a particular focus on xBL approaches, the study explored the factors contributing to the successful implementation of xBL approaches, including institutional support, resource allocation, and institutional culture. This study intended to promote future investigations into the challenges and significance of educator training and the impact of training initiatives on teaching effectiveness and student learning outcomes. By highlighting each approach’s unique characteristics and pedagogical benefits, this study provides educators and other stakeholders valuable insights for informed decision-making and effective implementation in different learning environments. Ultimately, the study contributes to the continuous improvement of pedagogical practices in Industrial Engineering and Management education in Portugal.