TY - JOUR
T1 - HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2
T2 - patterns in the evolution of two pandemic pathogens
AU - Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA)
AU - Fischer, Will
AU - Giorgi, Elena E.
AU - Chakraborty, Srirupa
AU - Nguyen, Kien
AU - Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
AU - Theiler, James
AU - Goloboff, Pablo A.
AU - Yoon, Hyejin
AU - Abfalterer, Werner
AU - Foley, Brian T.
AU - Tegally, Houriiyah
AU - San, James Emmanuel
AU - de Oliveira, Tulio
AU - Wilkinson, Eduan
AU - Msomi, Nokukhanya
AU - Iranzadeh, Arash
AU - Fonseca, Vagner
AU - Doolabh, Deelan
AU - Mlisana, Koleka
AU - von Gottberg, Anne
AU - Walaza, Sibongile
AU - Allam, Mushal
AU - Ismail, Arshad
AU - Mohale, Thabo
AU - Glass, Allison J.
AU - Engelbrecht, Susan
AU - Van Zyl, Gert
AU - Preiser, Wolfgang
AU - Petruccione, Francesco
AU - Sigal, Alex
AU - Hardie, Diana
AU - Marais, Gert
AU - Hsiao, Marvin
AU - Korsman, Stephen
AU - Davies, Mary Ann
AU - Tyers, Lynn
AU - Mudau, Innocent
AU - York, Denis
AU - Maslo, Caroline
AU - Goedhals, Dominique
AU - Abrahams, Shareef
AU - Laguda-Akingba, Oluwakemi
AU - Alisoltani-Dehkordi, Arghavan
AU - Godzik, Adam
AU - Wibmer, Constantinos Kurt
AU - Sewell, Bryan Trevor
AU - Lourenço, José
AU - Pond, Sergei L.Kosakovsky
AU - Weaver, Steven
AU - Giovanetti, Marta
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) LDRD project 20200554ECR and by LANL Technology Innovation funds, as well as through the NIH NIAID, DHHS Interagency Agreement R-00441015-0/AAI12007. We thank the staff at GISAID for kindly supporting our efforts at cov.lanl.gov and the many groups throughout the world that provide the global SARS-CoV-2 viral sequence data. We acknowledge specifcally the following laboratory groups whose work we highlighted in the text: the MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit of the Uganda Virus Research Institute, the Rwanda National Reference Laboratory, the Laboratorio de Ecologia de Doencas Transmissiveis na Amazonia (Instituto Leonidas e Maria Deane), CDL Laboratorio Santos e Vidal LTDA, the Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Virus Respiratorio (Instituto Nacional de Salud Peru), Fulgent Genetics, KwaZulu-Natal – National Health Laboratory Service (Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban), and the New York City Pandemic Response Laboratory, as well as the many other dedicated sequencing groups whose efforts enable the global tracking of emergent variants. Special thanks to Duncan McBranch and Joseph “Pat” Fitch for their leadership of the COVID pandemic response at Los Alamos National Laboratory. B.K. W.F. J.T. T.B. and S.G. have provisional patents and patents relating to vaccine design to address viral diversity as applied to HIV-1 and/or SARS-CoV-2.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL) LDRD project 20200554ECR and by LANL Technology Innovation funds, as well as through the NIH NIAID , DHHS Interagency Agreement R-00441015-0/AAI12007. We thank the staff at GISAID for kindly supporting our efforts at cov.lanl.gov and the many groups throughout the world that provide the global SARS-CoV-2 viral sequence data. We acknowledge specifcally the following laboratory groups whose work we highlighted in the text: the MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit of the Uganda Virus Research Institute, the Rwanda National Reference Laboratory, the Laboratorio de Ecologia de Doencas Transmissiveis na Amazonia (Instituto Leonidas e Maria Deane), CDL Laboratorio Santos e Vidal LTDA, the Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Virus Respiratorio (Instituto Nacional de Salud Peru), Fulgent Genetics, KwaZulu-Natal – National Health Laboratory Service (Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban), and the New York City Pandemic Response Laboratory, as well as the many other dedicated sequencing groups whose efforts enable the global tracking of emergent variants. Special thanks to Duncan McBranch and Joseph “Pat” Fitch for their leadership of the COVID pandemic response at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/7/14
Y1 - 2021/7/14
N2 - Humanity is currently facing the challenge of two devastating pandemics caused by two very different RNA viruses: HIV-1, which has been with us for decades, and SARS-CoV-2, which has swept the world in the course of a single year. The same evolutionary strategies that drive HIV-1 evolution are at play in SARS-CoV-2. Single nucleotide mutations, multi-base insertions and deletions, recombination, and variation in surface glycans all generate the variability that, guided by natural selection, enables both HIV-1’s extraordinary diversity and SARS-CoV-2’s slower pace of mutation accumulation. Even though SARS-CoV-2 diversity is more limited, recently emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants carry Spike mutations that have important phenotypic consequences in terms of both antibody resistance and enhanced infectivity. We review and compare how these mutational patterns manifest in these two distinct viruses to provide the variability that fuels their evolution by natural selection.
AB - Humanity is currently facing the challenge of two devastating pandemics caused by two very different RNA viruses: HIV-1, which has been with us for decades, and SARS-CoV-2, which has swept the world in the course of a single year. The same evolutionary strategies that drive HIV-1 evolution are at play in SARS-CoV-2. Single nucleotide mutations, multi-base insertions and deletions, recombination, and variation in surface glycans all generate the variability that, guided by natural selection, enables both HIV-1’s extraordinary diversity and SARS-CoV-2’s slower pace of mutation accumulation. Even though SARS-CoV-2 diversity is more limited, recently emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants carry Spike mutations that have important phenotypic consequences in terms of both antibody resistance and enhanced infectivity. We review and compare how these mutational patterns manifest in these two distinct viruses to provide the variability that fuels their evolution by natural selection.
KW - Evolution
KW - Glycosylation
KW - HIV-1
KW - Immune escape
KW - Insertions and deletions
KW - Recombination
KW - SARS-CoV-2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109605735&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chom.2021.05.012
DO - 10.1016/j.chom.2021.05.012
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34242582
AN - SCOPUS:85109605735
SN - 1931-3128
VL - 29
SP - 1093
EP - 1110
JO - Cell Host and Microbe
JF - Cell Host and Microbe
IS - 7
ER -
