Intervenções de enfermagem promotoras da autoestima em crianças e adolescentes – scoping review

Introduction: Self-esteem is an essential element for the construction and maintenance of the social, emotional, and mental well-being of children and adolescents, playing a fundamental role in their development. Self-esteem is highly regarded in nursing and included in the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) with its promotion being an autonomous nursing intervention. This review allows to synthesis the existing knowledge on the promotion of self-esteem in children and adolescents, contributing not only to the increase of knowledge in nursing, but also to an improvement in the practice of nursing care in this area, particularly in the field of child and paediatric nursing. Aim: to map nursing interventions that promote self-esteem in the child and adolescent. Methods: Scoping Review, according to The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The search was conducted in the scientific databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, SciELO and LILACS, and in Google Academic search engine. Papers were selected where the participants were children (newborn, infant, toddler, preschool, school) or adolescents, and the nursing interventions promoting self-esteem in any context were addressed and described. Results: From the selection process 13 papers were accepted. The results showed the following interventions: self-esteem enhancement programme, "Empower U" program, self-care program, self-esteem improvement program, positive group psychotherapy, assertiveness training, obesity management mentoring program, anger management education, play therapy, art intervention program, structured education program, health promotion program using urban forests and nursing students as mentors, and cognitive therapy and family psychoeducation. Interventions are mostly group interventions, and they were developed from the literature search on the self-esteem theme and other theories/therapies. Other interventions were adapted from existing programs/therapies and others replicated existing programs. The population of the selected papers is mostly adolescents with some papers based on preschool and school age children, and in the community contexts with domain of the school context. Conclusion: Several different self-esteem-promoting nursing interventions were found, demonstrating that self-esteem can be promoted in several ways. Despite the importance of self-esteem, the literature found remains focused on the adult population, with little research at the paediatric level. Given the relevance of this topic for the health care of children and adolescents, further research in this area is recommended.