Intervenções não farmacológicas na prevenção do delirium em doentes internados na unidade de cuidados intensivos: uma revisão sistemática

Background: In the Intensive Care Unit, delirium is recognized as a health issue with a long term impact, not only for the patient, but also for the Health Service itself because of its financial charges. This is why nurses assume such a major role in the implementation of the delirium preventive ways. Objective: This study was conducted to Identify the recommendations for non-pharmacological interventions the prevention of delirium in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in the scientific literature. Methods: A review was held in January 2022, in 11 based on the electronic data, based on the research question "what are the recommendations in the scientific evidence regarding non-pharmacological preventive interventions for delirium in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit? The research and documentation were carried out in accordance with the PRISMA methodology. Results: As a result, we obtained 11 articles. The prevention of the delirium is associated to measures that are categorized in this study, in seven areas: communication; visual stimulation; hearing stimulation; cognitive stimulation; nocturnal sleep preservation; early mobilization and family inclusion in the care process, which can reduce effectively the occurrence of this pathology, and, with this, improve clinic results. Conclusions: From the seven representative categories of nonpharmacological intervention for the prevention of delirium resulting from this review, we highlight two: night sleep preservation and hearing stimulation, since they were more prominently present in almost all of the articles analyzed. The interventions identified in this study had shown in its majority to be effective, being therefore, of great relevance for the practical clinic.