Mass transfer properties of osmotic solutions. I. Water activity and osmotic pressure

In this review paper data on water activity, solute activity and osmotic pressure of binary and multi-component osmotic solutions are provided. The Characteristics of the osmotic solutions are needed for the optimization of mass transfer during osmotic . process, and for the improvement of final product quality. The vant Hoff equation and Gibbs Duhem theorem are commonly used to estimate osmotic pressure and solute activity. Water activities can be easily estimated through experimental determination of the freezing point depression. The possibilities of the group contribution models such as the Analytical Solution of Groups (ASOG) approach are also explored. The future needs especially in the case of multicomponent solutions consisting of electrolyte and non-electrolyte mixtures are pointed out.