@article{190794a0876a4e02b2ec64552ece6c3d,
title = "Nanoemulsions of β-carotene using a high-energy emulsification- evaporation technique",
abstract = "Nanoemulsions of β-carotene were prepared using a high-energy emulsification-evaporation technique based on a 23 level factorial design. Results show that it is possible to obtain dispersions at a nanoscale range. Process parameters such as time and shear rate of homogenization affected significantly particle size distribution in terms of volume-weighted mean diameter and surface-weighted mean diameter. The obtained nanoemulsions presented a volume-surface diameter ranging from 9 to 280 nm immediately after the production of particles, displaying in all cases a monomodal size distribution. Those nanoemulsions showed a good physical stability during 21 days storage. The stability was evaluated by the maintenance of size distribution. However, β-carotene retention inside the micelles and color were affected by storage. Processing conditions also influenced storage stability.",
keywords = "Nanoemulsion, Size distribution, Storage stability, β-Carotene",
author = "Silva, {H{\'e}lder D.} and Cerqueira, {Miguel A.} and Souza, {Bartolomeu W.S.} and Clara Ribeiro and Avides, {Maria C.} and Quintas, {Mafalda A. C.} and Coimbra, {Jane S.R.} and Carneiro-Da-Cunha, {Maria G.} and Vicente, {Ant{\'o}nio A.}",
note = "Funding Information: M.A. Cerqueira (SFRH/BD/23897/2005) and M.A.C. Quintas (SFRH/BPD/41715/2007) were recipient of a fellowship from the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal); B.W.S. Souza was recipient of a fellowship from the Coordena{\c c}{\~a}o de Aperfei{\c c}oamento de Pessoal de N{\'i}vel Superior (CAPES, Brazil). Jane S.R. Coimbra thanks the financial support of the Conselho Nacional de Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia (CNPq, Brazil). The present work was supported by FCT/CnPq – Factores chave na estabilidade qu{\'i}mica e f{\'i}sica e funcionaliza{\c c}{\~a}o de nano-sistemas em matrizes alimentares and CAPES/Procad/1415/2007. We also acknowledge Dr. Ana Nicolau from Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho) for her support in confocal microscopy analyses.",
year = "2011",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.08.005",
language = "English",
volume = "102",
pages = "130--135",
journal = "Journal of Food Engineering",
issn = "0260-8774",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
number = "2",
}