TY - JOUR
T1 - Near-infrared spectroscopy applied to the detection of multiple adulterants in roasted and ground arabica coffee
AU - Couto, Cinthia de Carvalho
AU - Freitas-Silva, Otniel
AU - Oliveira, Edna Maria Morais
AU - Sousa, Clara
AU - Casal, Susana
N1 - Funding Information:
This work received funding from AgriFood XXI I&D&I project (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041) co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the NORTE 2020 (Programa Operacional Regional do Norte 2014/2020).This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation 587 (FAPERJ; E-26.202749/2018), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development 588 (CNPq; 311936/2018-0), and by FCT/MCTES through national funds and, where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020 under project UIDB/50006/2020, for which the authors are grateful. This work is integrated in the SYSTEMIC project, with funding from national research funding parties in Belgium (FWO), France (INRAE), Germany (BLE), Italy (MIPAAF), Latvia (IZM), Norway (RCN), Portugal (FCT), and Spain (AEI) in a joint action of JPI HDHL, JPI-OCEANS and FACCE-JPI launched in 2019 under the ERA-NET ERA-HDHL (nº 696295). Clara Sousa would also like to thank the scientific collaboration under the FCT project UIDB/50016/2020. The authors thanks to Vesa Gjini, Izel Sahin, Rebecca Cruz, Teresa Pinho for their support in carrying out part of the lab work. The authors also thanks to LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemical Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto for the use of NIR equipment.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation 587 (FAPERJ; E-26.202749/2018), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development 588 (CNPq; 311936/2018-0), and by FCT/MCTES through national funds and, where applicable, cofinanced by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020 under project UIDB/50006/2020, for which the authors are grateful. This work is integrated in the SYSTEMIC project, with funding from national research funding parties in Belgium (FWO), France (INRAE), Germany (BLE), Italy (MIPAAF), Latvia (IZM), Norway (RCN), Portugal (FCT), and Spain (AEI) in a joint action of JPI HDHL, JPI-OCEANS and FACCE-JPI launched in 2019 under the ERA-NET ERA-HDHL (nº 696295). Clara Sousa would also like to thank the scientific collaboration under the FCT project UIDB/50016/2020. The authors thanks to Vesa Gjini, Izel Sahin, Rebecca Cruz, Teresa Pinho for their support in carrying out part of the lab work. The authors also thanks to LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemical Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto for the use of NIR equipment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - Roasted coffee has been the target of increasingly complex adulterations. Sensitive, non-destructive, rapid and multicomponent techniques for their detection are sought after. This work proposes the detection of several common adulterants (corn, barley, soybean, rice, coffee husks and robusta coffee) in roasted ground arabica coffee (from different geographic regions), combining near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics (Principal Component Analysis—PCA). Adulterated samples were composed of one to six adulterants, ranging from 0.25 to 80% (w/w). The results showed that NIR spectroscopy was able to discriminate pure arabica coffee samples from adulterated ones (for all the concentrations tested), including robusta coffees or coffee husks, and independently of being single or multiple adulterations. The identification of the adulterant in the sample was only feasible for single or double adulterations and in concentrations ≥10%. NIR spectroscopy also showed potential for the geographical discrimination of arabica coffees (South and Central America).
AB - Roasted coffee has been the target of increasingly complex adulterations. Sensitive, non-destructive, rapid and multicomponent techniques for their detection are sought after. This work proposes the detection of several common adulterants (corn, barley, soybean, rice, coffee husks and robusta coffee) in roasted ground arabica coffee (from different geographic regions), combining near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics (Principal Component Analysis—PCA). Adulterated samples were composed of one to six adulterants, ranging from 0.25 to 80% (w/w). The results showed that NIR spectroscopy was able to discriminate pure arabica coffee samples from adulterated ones (for all the concentrations tested), including robusta coffees or coffee husks, and independently of being single or multiple adulterations. The identification of the adulterant in the sample was only feasible for single or double adulterations and in concentrations ≥10%. NIR spectroscopy also showed potential for the geographical discrimination of arabica coffees (South and Central America).
KW - Adulteration
KW - Authenticity
KW - Chemometrics
KW - Coffee
KW - Infrared spectroscopy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122009558&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/foods11010061
DO - 10.3390/foods11010061
M3 - Article
C2 - 35010188
AN - SCOPUS:85122009558
SN - 2304-8158
VL - 11
JO - Foods
JF - Foods
IS - 1
M1 - 61
ER -