O "Cabido" do papa. Os cardeais em Roma entre a alta e a plena Idade Média (sécs. VIII-XII)

The aim of this paper is to offer a synthetic presentation, together with an essential bibliography, of the evolution and the transformation of the cardinals (Bishops, the suburbicarii, Priests and Deacons) in medieval Rome. The group of cardinals progressively assumed a fundamental role alongside the Roman pontiffs, of whom they became the electors. This process led to conflict and a separation with the clero urbis, the urban clergy of Rome, which administered the cult in the Urbs. Therefore, the observation of the cardinals allows approaching the study of the ecclesiastical Reform of the eleventh and twelfth centuries and its consequences on the structures of the Roman Church throughout the Middle Ages.