TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients
T2 - the DecubICUs study
AU - on behalf of the DecubICUs Study Team
AU - the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Trials Group Collaborators
AU - Labeau, Sonia O.
AU - Afonso, Elsa
AU - Benbenishty, Julie
AU - Blackwood, Bronagh
AU - Boulanger, Carole
AU - Brett, Stephen J.
AU - Calvino-Gunther, Silvia
AU - Chaboyer, Wendy
AU - Coyer, Fiona
AU - Deschepper, Mieke
AU - François, Guy
AU - Honore, Patrick M.
AU - Jankovic, Radmilo
AU - Khanna, Ashish K.
AU - Llaurado-Serra, Mireia
AU - Lin, Frances
AU - Rose, Louise
AU - Rubulotta, Francesca
AU - Saager, Leif
AU - Williams, Ged
AU - Blot, Stijn I.
AU - Muzha, Dritan
AU - Ribas, Antoni Margarit
AU - Lipovesty, Fernando
AU - Loudet, Cecilia
AU - Eller, Philipp
AU - Mostafa, Nafseen
AU - Honoré, Patrick M.
AU - Telleria, Vanesa Mercado
AU - Smajic, Jasmina
AU - Nogueira, Paula Cristina
AU - Nafees, Khalid Mahmood Khan
AU - Hentchoya, Romuald
AU - Soledad, Javiera
AU - Cardenas, Yenny
AU - Reyes, Amylkar Garay
AU - Sustic, Alan
AU - Mpouzika, Meropi
AU - Vymazal, Tamas
AU - Jensen, Hanne Irene
AU - Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan
AU - Maddison, Liivi
AU - Valta, Maija
AU - Bloos, Frank
AU - Adipa, Faustina Excel
AU - Koulouras, Vasilios
AU - Enamorado, Judy
AU - Pinto, Susana
AU - Alves, Paulo
AU - Vieira, João
N1 - Funding Information:
This project received funding from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), the Flemish Society for Critical Care Nurses, and the HOGENT Fund for Applied Research. SB holds a research mandate from the Special Research Fund at Ghent University. In the UK, infrastructure support was provided by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. LR was funded by a TD Nursing Professorship in Critical Care Research from Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. The ESICM financed and co-administered the online data collection platform, provided a study webpage, and supported study administration. The other funding sources had no role in this work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score < 19, ICU stay > 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat.
AB - Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score < 19, ICU stay > 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat.
KW - Decubitus epidemiology
KW - ICU
KW - Morbidity
KW - Mortality
KW - Outcome
KW - Pressure injury
KW - Pressure ulcer
KW - Risk factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092400537&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00134-020-06234-9
DO - 10.1007/s00134-020-06234-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 33635356
SN - 0342-4642
VL - 47
SP - 160
EP - 169
JO - Intensive Care Medicine
JF - Intensive Care Medicine
IS - 2
ER -