Profissionais a exercer em postos de abastecimento de combustíveis: principais fatores de risco e riscos laborais, doenças profissionais associadas e medidas de proteção recomendadas

Introduction / framework / objectives: In fueling stations there are usually multipurpose employees, who carry out functions inside the shop (where the payment is made and some items are sold) and the suppliers. Some companies sometimes provide vehicle cleaning services, so there may be scrubbers. Over the last few years, the sole function of the supplier has been decreasing, since it encourages the customer to supply his car in order to reduce costs; however, these employees still exist in some places and we have individuals who for many years had such activity as a profession, although they now practice in another sector or that are in the same sector but with different functions. This review intends to better understand the risk factors/ risks that exist in this professional sector. Methodology: This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a survey conducted in October 2017 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete, RCAAP and Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional”. Content: In this sector we highlight the exposure to benzene, a substance classified as carcinogenic to humans. Exposure limits may vary between countries and agencies, although, at the same time, there is no limit below which a carcinogen is considered to be safe. The diagnosis is basically clinical, associating the exposure to the semiology and after the laboratory exams. In the case of petrol stations there is access to benzene due to the vapors released by the fuels, which may contain up to 1% of this (maximum permissible value). But it is not just the act of filling the client’s deposit that carries risk; that is, the benzene also reaches the employee in the washing of the vehicles, in the supply of the station by the tanker, in the collection of samples for control of the quality and quantification of the deposits. Conclusions: The toxicity of this agent is associated with its metabolites. These may interfere with the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis of hematopoietic precursor cells and changes in cell signaling pathways. Other investigations also highlight changes in auditory and visual acuity. It would be pertinent to develop investigations that evaluate the national reality.