TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantification of fluoroquinolones in wastewaters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
AU - Maia, Alexandra S.
AU - Paíga, Paula
AU - Delerue-Matos, Cristina
AU - Castro, Paula M. L.
AU - Tiritan, Maria Elizabeth
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors wish to thank Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia – FCT for financial support under the project Fluoropharma PTDC/EBB-EBI/111699/2009 , PhD grant attributed to Alexandra S. Maia SFRH/BD/86939/2012, QREN-POPH , European Social Fund , MCTES , PEst FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022718 , PEst-OE/EQB/LA0016/2011 , PEst-OE/SAU/UI4040/2014 . This research was partially supported by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2019 through national funds provided by FCT and European Regional Development Fund ( ERDF ), in the framework of the programme PT2020. Authors would also like to thank the scientific collaboration of CBQF under the FCT project UID/Multi/50016/2019 . This work was also supported by UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. The authors would like to thank also the EU and FCT/UEFISCDI, Romania/The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), Sweden for funding, in the frame of the collaborative international consortium REWATER financed under the ERA-NET CofundWaterWorks2015 Call. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2016 Joint Activities developed by the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). The authors would like to thank the staff of each WWTP for their collaboration in this study.
Funding Information:
Authors wish to thank Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia – FCT for financial support under the project Fluoropharma PTDC/EBB-EBI/111699/2009, PhD grant attributed to Alexandra S. Maia SFRH/BD/86939/2012, QREN-POPH, European Social Fund, MCTES, PEst FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022718, PEst-OE/EQB/LA0016/2011, PEst-OE/SAU/UI4040/2014. This research was partially supported by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2019 through national funds provided by FCT and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the programme PT2020. Authors would also like to thank the scientific collaboration of CBQF under the FCT project UID/Multi/50016/2019. This work was also supported by UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. The authors would like to thank also the EU and FCT/UEFISCDI, Romania/The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), Sweden for funding, in the frame of the collaborative international consortium REWATER financed under the ERA-NET CofundWaterWorks2015 Call. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2016 Joint Activities developed by the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). The authors would like to thank the staff of each WWTP for their collaboration in this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/4
Y1 - 2020/4
N2 - Antibiotics are the most consumed therapeutic classes worldwide and are released to the environment in their original form as well as potentially active metabolites and/or degradation products. Consequences of the occurrence of these compounds in the environment are primarily related to bacterial resistance development. This work presents a validated analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) using HLB cartridges, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for quantification of seven different fluoroquinolone antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin (CPF), enrofloxacin (ENR), lomefloxacin (LOM), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), prulifloxacin (PLF) and moxifloxacin (MOX) and its application to detect the target compounds in influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Linearity was established through calibration curves in solvent and matrix match using internal calibration method in the range of 50–1300 ng L−1 and all the fluoroquinolones showed good linear fit (r2 ≥ 0.991). Accuracy ranged between 80.3 and 92.9%, precision was comprised between 7.2 and 14.6%, and 10.7 and 18.1% for intra- and inter-batch determinations, respectively. Method detection and quantification limits ranged from 6.7 to 59.0 ng L−1 and 22.3–196.6 ng L−1, respectively. Influents and effluents of fifteen WWTPs of North of Portugal were analyzed. OFL was the fluoroquinolone found at the highest concentration, up to 4587.0 ng L−1 and 987.9 ng L−1, in influent and effluent, respectively. NOR and PLF were not detected. The present works characterizes WWTP influents and effluents regarding seven different fluoroquinolone antibiotics in fifteen Portuguese northern WWTPs with diverse operational features and treatment procedures.
AB - Antibiotics are the most consumed therapeutic classes worldwide and are released to the environment in their original form as well as potentially active metabolites and/or degradation products. Consequences of the occurrence of these compounds in the environment are primarily related to bacterial resistance development. This work presents a validated analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) using HLB cartridges, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for quantification of seven different fluoroquinolone antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin (CPF), enrofloxacin (ENR), lomefloxacin (LOM), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), prulifloxacin (PLF) and moxifloxacin (MOX) and its application to detect the target compounds in influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Linearity was established through calibration curves in solvent and matrix match using internal calibration method in the range of 50–1300 ng L−1 and all the fluoroquinolones showed good linear fit (r2 ≥ 0.991). Accuracy ranged between 80.3 and 92.9%, precision was comprised between 7.2 and 14.6%, and 10.7 and 18.1% for intra- and inter-batch determinations, respectively. Method detection and quantification limits ranged from 6.7 to 59.0 ng L−1 and 22.3–196.6 ng L−1, respectively. Influents and effluents of fifteen WWTPs of North of Portugal were analyzed. OFL was the fluoroquinolone found at the highest concentration, up to 4587.0 ng L−1 and 987.9 ng L−1, in influent and effluent, respectively. NOR and PLF were not detected. The present works characterizes WWTP influents and effluents regarding seven different fluoroquinolone antibiotics in fifteen Portuguese northern WWTPs with diverse operational features and treatment procedures.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077741448&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113927
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113927
M3 - Article
C2 - 32023795
AN - SCOPUS:85077741448
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 259
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
M1 - 113927
ER -