TY - JOUR
T1 - Remote but not distant
T2 - a review on experimental models and clinical trials in remote ischemic conditioning as potential therapy in ischemic stroke
AU - Mollet, Inês
AU - Marto, João Pedro
AU - Mendonça, Marcelo
AU - Baptista, Miguel Viana
AU - Vieira, Helena L. A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge Dr Cláudia Queiroga for her work, ideas, and fruitful discussions in the beginning of this project, and the funding agency that supported the work “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (FCT) with 4 projects: Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit-UCIBIO (UID/Multi/04378/2019); iNOVA4Health, Programme in Translational Medicine (UID/Multi/04462/2013); LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy; and PTDC/MEC-NEU/28750/2017.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by funding from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, UCIBIO; the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, i4HB; the project iNOVA4Health, Programme in Translational Medicine (UID/Multi/04462/2013); and the grant PTDC/MEC-NEU/28750/2017.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge Dr Cl?udia Queiroga for her work, ideas, and fruitful discussions in the beginning of this project, and the funding agency that supported the work ?Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e Tecnologia? (FCT) with 4 projects: Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit-UCIBIO (UID/Multi/04378/2019); iNOVA4Health, Programme in Translational Medicine (UID/Multi/04462/2013); LA/P/0140/2020?of the?Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy; and PTDC/MEC-NEU/28750/2017.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Stroke is one of the main causes of neurological disability worldwide and the second cause of death in people over 65 years old, resulting in great economic and social burden. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of total cases, and the approved therapies are based on re-establishment of blood flow, and do not directly target brain parenchyma. Thus, novel therapies are urgently needed. In this review, limb remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is revised and discussed as a potential therapy against ischemic stroke. The review targets both (i) fundamental research based on experimental models and (ii) clinical research based on clinical trials and human interventional studies with healthy volunteers. Moreover, it also presents two approaches concerning RIC mechanisms in stroke: (i) description of the underlying cerebral cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by limb RIC that promote neuroprotection against stroke induced damage and (ii) the identification of signaling factors involved in inter-organ communication following RIC procedure. Limb to brain remote signaling can occur via circulating biochemical factors, immune cells, and/or stimulation of autonomic nervous system. In this review, these three hypotheses are explored in both humans and experimental models. Finally, the challenges involved in translating experimentally generated scientific knowledge to a clinical setting are also discussed.
AB - Stroke is one of the main causes of neurological disability worldwide and the second cause of death in people over 65 years old, resulting in great economic and social burden. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of total cases, and the approved therapies are based on re-establishment of blood flow, and do not directly target brain parenchyma. Thus, novel therapies are urgently needed. In this review, limb remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is revised and discussed as a potential therapy against ischemic stroke. The review targets both (i) fundamental research based on experimental models and (ii) clinical research based on clinical trials and human interventional studies with healthy volunteers. Moreover, it also presents two approaches concerning RIC mechanisms in stroke: (i) description of the underlying cerebral cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by limb RIC that promote neuroprotection against stroke induced damage and (ii) the identification of signaling factors involved in inter-organ communication following RIC procedure. Limb to brain remote signaling can occur via circulating biochemical factors, immune cells, and/or stimulation of autonomic nervous system. In this review, these three hypotheses are explored in both humans and experimental models. Finally, the challenges involved in translating experimentally generated scientific knowledge to a clinical setting are also discussed.
KW - Hormesis
KW - Ischemic stroke
KW - Neuroinflammation
KW - Neuroprotection
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Remote ischemic conditioning
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117578899&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12035-021-02585-6
DO - 10.1007/s12035-021-02585-6
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34686988
AN - SCOPUS:85117578899
SN - 0893-7648
VL - 59
SP - 294
EP - 325
JO - Molecular Neurobiology
JF - Molecular Neurobiology
IS - 1
ER -