Role of bovine colostrum against various diseases

Colostrum refers to the initial milk that mammals generate following childbirth, and it possesses rich nutritional value. Due to its bioactive components (such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and immunoglobulins), colostrum actively contributes to various positive immune functions and specific cellular processes within the consumer's body. In clinical applications, research has shown that the immunoglobulins found in colostrum support the immune system, playing key roles in cell growth and development. Growth factors also contribute to various processes, including wound healing and metabolic functions. Lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase support the body's immunity, while another bioactive component, functional oligosaccharides, selectively promote growth in the microbiome. Additionally, nucleotide monophosphates play crucial roles in numerous vital physiological functions, including the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. The supplementation of colostrum has shown promising results in combating various diseases caused by different pathogens, such as gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, gut-barrier diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. Based on reports of these clinical applications, the effects of colostrum against various diseases have been observed. Further research may reveal different therapeutic effects of colostrum on different diseases. By exploring the clinical applications of colostrum supplementation and the mechanisms of action of its bioactive components against specific diseases, this review highlights the potential of colostrum as a therapeutic agent and provides insights into its multifaceted effects.