Indústria do calçado: principais fatores de risco e riscos laborais, doenças profissionais associadas e medidas de proteção recomendadas

Introduction / framework / objectives The footwear industry is well developed in some areas of our country, so there is a reasonable number of workers involved in this sector. The main risk/ risk factors are the contact with chemical agents (and eventual oncological, respiratory, dermatological, ophthalmological and otorhinolaryngological pathology); as maintained/ forced postures (standing or sitting) and repetitive movements (and consequent musculoskeletal injuries); visual acuity (and eventual diminution of acuity, eye fatigue); noise (emphasizing in hypoacusis); use of machines capable of cause accidents (such as cutting, bruising, docking, amputation) and vibrations (with possible vascular and neurological changes). It is intended with this review better understand the existing risks/ risk factors in the professional sector. Methodology This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a survey conducted in November 2017 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of summaries of effects reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete and RCAAP. Content The bibliography on this sector is scarce and emphasizes mainly the chemical agents and, secondarily, the musculoskeletal issues. In the footwear industry the tasks with the greatest contact with the solvents are the gluing and preparation of the soles, as well as assembly and finishing. In a study where about 100 companies from the north of the country were evaluated, the most frequent solvents were toluene and n-hexane; in 58% of the cases, values above the maximum levels recommended by NP 1796, EN 689 and ACGIH threshold limit values were found. Conclusions The literature consulted highlighted hematological alterations (as lymphomas and leukemias); neuropathies and paresis; hepatotoxicity; dermatitis; renal insufficiency; asthma and sleep apnea; hearing loss; discromotopsy / maculopathy; as well as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or Guyon’s Channel, tendinitis and tenosynovitis, Raynaud’s syndrome, and Kienbock, Quervain and Dupuytren diseases. It would be pertinent to develop investigations that evaluate the national reality.