The peace process in Sri Lanka: the challenges for democracy after decades of civil conflict and terrorism

TY - CHAP

T1 - The peace process in Sri Lanka

T2 - the challenges for democracy after decades of civil conflict and terrorism

AU - Duque, Raquel

N1 - Funding Information: Modern methods of genetic linkage analysis make it possible to use multigeneration pedigrees to locate within the genome the specific genes that influence inter-individual variation in a given phenotype (see Rogers et al., 1999 and references therein). Three types of information are required for such analyses: (a) genotype data for a series of genetic polymorphisms scored in a population of animals, (b) phenotype data for the same animals, and (c) knowledge of the pedigree relationships among those animals. This information must be available for at least 500–600 individuals, and the details of pedigree structure will influence statistical power to detect genetic effects. The genetic polymorphisms must be highly variable and numerous enough to cover the entire genome at intervals of about 10 centiMorgans, or 10% recombination between loci. When such information is available, it is possible to use linkage analysis to search for a chromosomal region, or regions within the genome, that contain genes that influence variation in that phenotype ( Blangero and Almasy, 1997 ). Identification of the functional gene requires a substantial amount of additional study of the region of interest. Nevertheless, the whole genome linkage approach does allow the identification of chromosomal segments that contain genes that influence variation in any number of different biological processes, from risk factors to disease, to normal variation in metabolism or normal variation in growth, development, anatomy or behavior. Genetic linkage maps of the entire human genome were first developed almost 20 years ago. Similar maps have been constructed for other mammalian species, including the mouse, rat, pig, horse and dog. The first genetic linkage map for a nonhuman primate was developed for baboons, Papio hamadryas ( Rogers et al., 2000 ). The initial baboon linkage map was produced through collaboration between researchers at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research and Sequana Therapeutics, Inc. (La Jolla, CA). However, the map has undergone further development. Additional information is available on the website of the Southwest National Primate Research Center ( www.snprc.org ). Genetic linkage maps are also under development for the rhesus macaque (Rogers, unpublished data) and the vervet monkey, Chlorocebus aethiops (N. Freimer, pers. comm.). Complex phenotypes that are influenced by multiple genes and multiple environmental factors can be investigated through linkage screening. The chromosomal regions found to harbor causative genes are generally referred to as quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Several QTLs have been localized in baboons using the available linkage map (e.g. Kammerer et al., 2001 ; Rainwater et al., 2002 ). Work is underway to identify the specific functional mutations in some of these QTLs, but none have yet been published. The task of identifying these causative mutations remains a major challenge.

PY - 2020/1/1

Y1 - 2020/1/1

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131478679&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1108/978-1-80043-067-920200005

DO - 10.1108/978-1-80043-067-920200005

M3 - Chapter

SN - 9781800430686

SP - 75

EP - 90

BT - International perspectives on democratization and peace

A2 - Ganesan, N.

PB - Emerald

CY - Bingley

ER -