TY - JOUR
T1 - Verbal fluency tasks
T2 - effects of age, gender, and education
AU - Nogueira, Dalia Santos
AU - Reis, Elizabeth Azevedo
AU - Vieira, Ana
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Objectives: This study presents data for semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, action fluency, and alternate fluency. The aim is to provide normative data by age, gender, and education for European Portuguese in each fluency category. Methods: Norms for the verbal fluency task were collected from a volunteer population of 444 healthy Portuguese participants. Multiple regression analysis with age, gender, and education as independent variables was performed for the semantic fluency global score, and these variables were considered separately for each phonemic category. Results: Age, education, and gender significantly affected the semantic global score, as well as scores of names, supermarket, kitchen objects, food, and clothes. No gender effect was observed in the categories 'p-words,' animals, transports, verbs, and alternating fluency. This last category was only influenced by years of education. Conclusions: Equivalent scores of verbal fluency tasks are useful in clinical practice, allowing the comparison between the normal and the abnormal performance of language disorders.
AB - Objectives: This study presents data for semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, action fluency, and alternate fluency. The aim is to provide normative data by age, gender, and education for European Portuguese in each fluency category. Methods: Norms for the verbal fluency task were collected from a volunteer population of 444 healthy Portuguese participants. Multiple regression analysis with age, gender, and education as independent variables was performed for the semantic fluency global score, and these variables were considered separately for each phonemic category. Results: Age, education, and gender significantly affected the semantic global score, as well as scores of names, supermarket, kitchen objects, food, and clothes. No gender effect was observed in the categories 'p-words,' animals, transports, verbs, and alternating fluency. This last category was only influenced by years of education. Conclusions: Equivalent scores of verbal fluency tasks are useful in clinical practice, allowing the comparison between the normal and the abnormal performance of language disorders.
KW - European Portuguese
KW - Normative data
KW - Verbal fluency
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85001610171&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1159/000450640
DO - 10.1159/000450640
M3 - Article
C2 - 27915338
AN - SCOPUS:85001610171
SN - 1021-7762
VL - 68
SP - 124
EP - 133
JO - Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica
JF - Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica
IS - 3
ER -