TY - JOUR
T1 - Zika virus in the Americas
T2 - Early epidemiological and genetic findings
AU - Faria, Nuno Rodrigues
AU - Do Socorro Da Silva Azevedo, Raimunda
AU - Kraemer, Moritz U.G.
AU - Souza, Renato
AU - Cunha, Mariana Sequetin
AU - Hill, Sarah C.
AU - Thézé, Julien
AU - Bonsall, Michael B.
AU - Bowden, Thomas A.
AU - Rissanen, Ilona
AU - Rocco, Iray Maria
AU - Nogueira, Juliana Silva
AU - Maeda, Adriana Yurika
AU - Da Silva Vasami, Fernanda Giseli
AU - De Lima Macedo, Fernando Luiz
AU - Suzuki, Akemi
AU - Rodrigues, Sueli Guerreiro
AU - Cruz, Ana Cecilia Ribeiro
AU - Nunes, Bruno Tardeli
AU - De Almeida Medeiros, Daniele Barbosa
AU - Rodrigues, Daniela Sueli Guerreiro
AU - Queiroz, Alice Louize Nunes
AU - Da Silva, Eliana Vieira Pinto
AU - Henriques, Daniele Freitas
AU - Da Rosa, Elisabeth Salbe Travassos
AU - De Oliveira, Consuelo Silva
AU - Martins, Livia Caricio
AU - Vasconcelos, Helena Baldez
AU - Casseb, Livia Medeiros Neves
AU - De Brito Simith, Darlene
AU - Messina, Jane P.
AU - Abade, Leandro
AU - Lourenço, José
AU - Alcantara, Luiz Carlos
AU - De Lima, Maricélia Maia
AU - Giovanetti, Marta
AU - Hay, Simon I.
AU - De Oliveira, Rodrigo Santos
AU - Da Silva Lemos, Poliana
AU - De Oliveira, Layanna Freitas
AU - De Lima, Clayton Pereira Silva
AU - Da Silva, Sandro Patroca
AU - De Vasconcelos, Janaina Mota
AU - Franco, Luciano
AU - Cardoso, Jedson Ferreira
AU - Da Silva Gonçalves Vianez-Júnior, João Lídio
AU - Mir, Daiana
AU - Bello, Gonzalo
AU - Delatorre, Edson
AU - Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank X. de Lamballerie and J. Lednicky for permission to include their unpublished ZIKV genomes in our analysis. We thank the Death Verification Service (SVO); Central Laboratories of Public Health (LACEN); and health departments of the Ceará State and Maranhão State, Brazil, for collaboration. O.G.P. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant 614725-PATHPHYLODYN. J.L. is supported by the ERC under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant 268904-DIVERSITY. O.G.P. received consulting fees from Metabiota between 2015 and 2016. This study is made possible in part by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats Program - PREDICT. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. government. S.I.H. is funded by a Senior Research Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (095066) and grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1119467, OPP1093011, OPP1106023, and OPP1132415). M.R.T.N. is funded as an associated researcher in public health by the Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, and as a researcher in scientific productivity by CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) grants 302032/2011-8 and 200024/2015-9 and is also supported in part by the National Institute of Science and Technology for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. R.T. is funded by grant R24 AT 120942 from the U.S. NIH. S.C.H. is supported by a Wellcome Trust grant (102427). T.A.B. and I.R. are supported by grants from the UK Medical Research Council (MR/L009528/1) and the Wellcome Trust (090532/Z/09/Z). P.F.C.V. is supported by CNPq-National Agency for Scientific and Technologic Development (grants 573739/2008-0, 301641/2010-2, and 457664/2013-4). All samples were obtained from persons visiting local clinics or hospitalized by the Brazilian Ministry of Health personnel as part of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika fever surveillance activities. In these cases, patient consent was oral and not recorded. The study was authorized by the Coordination of the National Program for Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Control coordinated by Brazil's Ministry of Health. The data are available at DRYAD (DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6kn23). The ZIKV genomes reported in this study are deposited in GenBank under accession numbers KU321639, KU365777 to KU365780, KU729217, and KU729218.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/4/15
Y1 - 2016/4/15
N2 - Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ∼30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015, and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. We performed next-generation sequencing to generate seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Results of phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, which we estimated to have occurred between May and December 2013, more than 12 months before the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV-endemic areas, as well as with reported outbreaks in the Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however, no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this correlation does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of this emerging virus in the Americas.
AB - Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ∼30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015, and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. We performed next-generation sequencing to generate seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Results of phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, which we estimated to have occurred between May and December 2013, more than 12 months before the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV-endemic areas, as well as with reported outbreaks in the Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however, no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this correlation does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of this emerging virus in the Americas.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84961653991&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1126/science.aaf5036
DO - 10.1126/science.aaf5036
M3 - Article
C2 - 27013429
AN - SCOPUS:84961653991
SN - 0036-8075
VL - 352
SP - 345
EP - 349
JO - Science
JF - Science
IS - 6283
ER -
