A arquitectura do bairro social

: da participação à apropriação, 1945-presente, Viseu - Porto - Viseu

Abstract

The aim of this showdown analyze the housing estates in the city and its location in relation to it, if there are advantages or disadvantages on the location of the housing estate both in the center as in the periphery. At the outset it is known that the housing estate is synonymous with social exclusion. Will be the location, the type of housing estate architecture, the type of classes that live there or conflicts that are generated entres people and between people and the rest of the city, which lead to exclusion to happen? It has as initial intention to study the Municipal neighborhood of Viseu and understand the context in which it was built in 1948 (time of the New State) and why it was erected on the periphery, so as to serve as a starting point for analysis the insertion of social housing in the city. The location of a neighborhood will define how the neighborhood is included in the city and is seen by her. It is therefore a key factor for analysis which may lead directly to social exclusion. Taking into account the rules and constraints of social housing in the New State, will be analyzed the neighborhood in 48 to verify that already at the time the neighborhood was excluded by the city and why such exclusion. After this threshold is intended to move on to the study of neighborhoods (case studies) in Oporto, particularly neighborhoods were constructed or intervened in order to be improved in the post-New State period, particularly under the SAAL Process. So analysis in completely different situations, because while the New State rules regarding the housing and the way of design were intransigent and without any advice from the people in the SAAL the situation changed completely. The population was the key in the project and is integrated into all phases of the project. With the study of these neighborhoods built after the extinction of the dictatorship in Portugal, it will be possible to ascertain the changes experienced in the discipline aspect of Social Architecture, particularly on the issue of implementation of new housing estates. Through the analysis of the Bouça neighborhood (2-phase, 1975 and 2000) and the St. Victor neighborhood (1974), both in Oporto, you can realize to what extent this way of planning, design and execute resulting was beneficial to practice of architecture. Understand their advantages of SAAL process in these neighborhoods, and especially, dealing with participation. Retrospectively analyzing the participation coupled with the location of the housing estate in the city, can be conducive to social inclusion of its inhabitants. One of the purposes of the participatory process is the very integration of people in decisions project still at the stage of design, during and also after, through interviews, surveys and meetings with architects or charge of the works. The city's growth over the years, reintegrates originally peripheral situations in central situations. By analyzing the neighborhoods of Porto to the present day, to understand the changes that have occurred over time, we realized it was beneficial or not, and whether they can be applied in Viseu neighborhood to address the issue of social exclusion to which it is subject. In this follow-up, after the analysis of social housing in Oporto, returns to the investigation in Viseu. From this stems the need to understand if from the beginning of the Municipal District to date, there have been changes especially on the issue of participation and ownership by the population, unlike what happened at the time of the former regime. Methodologically, a number of interviews were conducted in both the Municipal neighborhood and in neighborhoods case study of Oporto. People were interviewed who lived in either case-ofstudy neighborhoods or had some connection to him, namely responsible for them, architects connected to the SAAL process and other architects willing to talk about this subject. This research has a photographic supplement in order to determine how people live their home, the neighborhood and how to appropriate it. With this, the question that arises is whether the location of a neighborhood in the city, may be the leading cause to its inclusion or exclusion from the rest of the population? And what kind of changes can occur in a housing estate for its dynamic and how it is seen and experienced change?

Date of Award	15 Dec 2015
Original language	Portuguese
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Emanuel José da Rocha Ferreira de Sousa (Supervisor)