AI-based decision support systems (AIDSS) in armed conflicts

: can existing IHL do the job?

Abstract

This thesis explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence Decision Support Systems (AIDSS) in the context of armed conflicts, analysing both their potential and the challenges they pose. We begin by defining AIDSS and analysing their applications in military operations, disclosing both the benefits and risks associated with their use. Subsequently, we consider the adequacy of AIDSS with International Humanitarian Law (IHL), particularly with regard to how these systems align with the fundamental principles of distinction and proportionality, and the obligation of legal review enshrined in Article 36 of Additional Protocol I. Posteriorly, we focus on specific legal challenges of these systems’ application in practice, analysing the role Humans and States both play in this paradigm. Ultimately, we mention what should be done in the way forward.

Date of Award	5 Sept 2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Maria Isabel Tavares (Supervisor)