As experiências de inclusão nas escolas portuguesas

: a voz de adolescentes com perturbação do espetro do autismo

Abstract

The literature has highlighted the importance of directly listening to students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the development of more inclusive educational practices and policies. However, few studies have explored their school experiences through their own narratives. This qualitative study aimed to understand the experiences, needs, and perspectives on school inclusion of adolescents with ASD, aged between 12 and 16 years, through their voices. Eight adolescents diagnosed with ASD, attending public schools, participated in individual narrative interviews. Thematic analysis of their narratives revealed three main dimensions: school experience; relationships and interactions with others; and participation in school life. The findings highlight the value placed on stability, predictability, and teacher empathy, as well as the importance of a supportive and understanding school environment. Nevertheless, feelings of exclusion, misunderstanding, and relational difficulties also emerged. These results reinforce the need for more responsive practices tailored to the specificities of adolescents with ASD, particularly through active listening, the promotion of self-determination, and investment in teacher training. This study addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on the voices of adolescents themselves, offering valuable insights for improving inclusive school practices.

Date of Award	10 Jul 2025
Original language	Portuguese
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Marisa Carvalho (Supervisor)