Caracterização do biótipo gengival

: uma avaliação 3D

Abstract

Introduction: There are factors that can affect oral aesthetics, such as the gingival biotype. A biotype determines the structure of the bones of the alveolar process, the gums and the shape of the teeth. The dentist must therefore make a correct diagnosis of the gingival biotype in order to plan treatments. In order to carry out this diagnosis, this professional has various methods at his disposal, from simple observation of the tissues to digital measurements using periodontal probes or digital methods. Objective: The objective of the research is to conduct a thorough analysis of gingival biotype, addressing its characteristics and variations, with the purpose of understanding potential clinical and aesthetic implications. Materials and Methods: The digital image and communication in medicine (DICOM) files obtained underwent three-dimensional reconstruction using Codiagnostix® version 10.7 (Dental Wings, Düsseldorf, Alemanha) software, generating STL files corresponding to the bone volume. Both models, associated with each patient individually, were superimposed using Geomagic Control X® version 2018 (Geomagic, Inc., North Carolina, EUA) software with the "Best-fit alignment" function, allowing for digital measurements of papilla height, width of attached gingiva, ratio of crown width/length, gingival angle, free gingiva thickness, and attached gingiva thickness. Results: This study involved 29 patients with an average age of 27 years. No statistically significant differences were found in measurements related to teeth 11 and 21. However, tooth 21 had higher values in all considered variables, as well as in the minimum free gingival thickness (FGT), average free gingival thickness (FGT), average attached gingival thickness (AGT), and marginal gingival thickness. The data analysis revealed that measures such as papilla height, attached gingival width, the ratio between width and length, and gingival angle did not show statistically significant differences between sexes and anterior teeth. However, important correlations were observed among some variables, such as an inverse correlation between papilla height and the ratio of width to length, as well as a direct correlation between attached gingival width and gingival angle. Conclusion: The use of digital methods, such as Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and intraoral scanning through scanner technology, proved to be highly reliable and accurate in evaluating gingival phenotype. These modern tools allow for a detailed and predictable analysis of soft tissues, proving essential for planning complex and aesthetic dental treatments.

Date of Award	19 Apr 2024
Original language	Portuguese
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Tiago Marques (Supervisor) & Danilo Fernandes (Co-Supervisor)