Development of a tunnel filler to address anchoring and fixation challenges in knee ligaments reconstruction

Abstract

Knee ligament injuries, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, are a prevalent concern in orthopedic sports medicine, often demanding surgical intervention to restore knee stability and function. Common challenges encountered during ligament reconstruction procedures include anchoring and fixation issues. Traditional methods, while effective, frequently result in complications such as tunnel widening, graft slippage, and inadequate fixation strength. This research introduces a novel tunnel filler (TF) that not only aims to overcome these limitations related to fixation stability of the graft but also promotes effective osteointegration within the fixation tunnel. The primary objectives of this project were to design, fabricate, and evaluate a TF using 3D printing technology with polycaprolactone (Pcl), and to enhance its structural support and biological activity with Pcl electrospun fibers and brushite (Brh). A series of comprehensive tests was conducted to characterize the TF. Physicochemical analysis confirmed the stability and integrity of the material composition. Mechanical testing demonstrated the TF's enhanced durability under physiological loads. Surface roughness analysis, performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), showed improvements in texture that could facilitate cellular adhesion. In vitro cell culture testing, with Alamar Blue and Live/Dead assays, indicated effective cell interaction and good biocompatibility. By the end of the study, these enhancements contributed to the development of a TF with good mechanical properties and non-toxic for the cells.

Date of Award	11 Dec 2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	João Bebiano Costa (Supervisor) & Viviana Ribeiro (Co-Supervisor)