Does environmental mandatory disclosure drive emissions reduction?

: a comparative study

Abstract

Rising concerns about climate change have prompted regulatory initiatives that mandate corporate sustainability reporting, yet their effectiveness in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is still under debate. This study investigates the impacts of France9s Grenelle II Law (2010) and the UK9s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Regulation (2013), using Germany as a control. Utilizing a difference-in-differences (DiD) methodology, the research assesses emissions reductions across Scopes 1, 2, and 3. The findings present mixed results. The UK9s Companies Act successfully reduced Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, addressing direct and energy-related emissions. However, Scope 3 emissions4associated with supply chain activities4showed limited progress and signs of displacement. France9s Grenelle II law achieved modest reductions, primarily in Scope 2 emissions, underscoring challenges in targeting direct emissions and supply chains. Regulatory design, compliance structures, and market dynamics had a significant impact on outcomes. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) indicated minimal effects of industry competition, except in less competitive markets under France9s framework. Cultural and institutional differences further influenced the effectiveness of the laws. The study stresses the necessity for comprehensive policies that address all emission scopes while curbing strategic behaviors like emissions shifting. Policymakers must ensure that mandatory reporting aligns with strong accountability mechanisms to promote genuine environmental progress. These findings provide actionable insights for enhancing sustainability and achieving global climate goals.

Date of Award	4 Feb 2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Andrea Cavicchini (Supervisor)