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Factors affecting the GPG in the European Union 27 countries
: estimating a gender Kuznets curve from 2007 to 2022

  • Carolina Maria Mendes Fonseca (Student)

Student thesis: Master's Thesis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the Gender Pay Gap (GPG) in the European Union (EU-27) countries from 2007 to 2022 and to test the Gender Kuznets Hypothesis. To achieve this, we estimated a Gender Kuznets Curve. The results indicate a positive relationship between the GPG and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. Additionally, variables such as the Fertility Rate are positively correlated with the GPG, supporting the Motherhood Penalty Theory. Conversely, variables such as Education and Life Expectancy are negatively correlated with the GPG. The permanent effects of the economic crises considered on the GPG are also negative.
Date of Award16 Dec 2024
Original languageEnglish
Awarding Institution
  • Universidade Católica Portuguesa
SupervisorLeonardo Costa (Supervisor)

UN SDGs

This student thesis contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 4 - Quality Education
    SDG 4 Quality Education
  2. SDG 5 - Gender Equality
    SDG 5 Gender Equality
  3. SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
    SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth

Keywords

  • GPG
  • Gender Kuznetsncurve
  • Motherhood penalty
  • Education
  • Life expectancy
  • 2008 global financial crisis
  • Covid-19

Designation

  • Mestrado em Economia Empresarial

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