Green hydrogen for the road transportation sector in the European Union

: a technological innovation system analysis

Abstract

Purpose: This thesis aims to identify the key challenges and opportunities associated withimplementing green hydrogen (GH2) in the European Union (EU) road transportation sector.The research used the Technological Innovation System (TIS) framework as an analytical toolto analyze the implementation of GH2 and explore its potential for contributing to adecarbonized future.Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to establishthe theoretical foundation of the TIS framework and gather insights into the existing literatureon GH2 technology. Expert interviews were also conducted with stakeholders from the roadtransportation sector, GH2 sector, and policy sectors to gain practical insights and support thefindings from the literature review.Findings: Findings underscore the challenges in GH2 implementation across all TIS functions.These highlighted technological and infrastructural challenges, elevated costs, regulatorylimits, and the necessity for increased public acceptance. Specific challenges identified includefundamental financial requirements, lack of awareness about the availability of resources,supplydemand dynamics, and public acceptance. Furthermore, several developmentopportunities have been identified, including developing safety standards, increased collaboration initiatives, and government support.Implications: Despite its complexity, the transition to GH2 was identified as a potential longterm alternative, promising cleaner energy, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,potential economic growth, and enhanced energy security. The research concludes that acoordinated, multistake holder effort is crucial to overcome the identified challenges, and the EU can learn from countries with more mature GH2 sectors to support the transition.

Date of Award	5 Jul 2023
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	José António Puppim de Oliveira (Supervisor)