Navigating liability of foreignness (LoF) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) internationalization

: a case study of the digital mental health industry

Abstract

Due to globalization and the impact of COVID-19, the digital mental health industry has grown rapidly and is expected to reach a valuation of 19.3 billion dollars by 2028. This thesis examines how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can successfully navigate expansion into the international digital mental health market while facing the "Liability of Foreigness" (LoF). The study focuses on the innovative approaches of SMEs such as Thrive Global, Sanvello and Happify by Twill, which have played a crucial role in the development of the sector. In the subsequent study, using a qualitative case study methodology, this research explores how these companies adapt their products to global markets, expand and face the challenges arising from Liability of Foreigness (LoF). This research draws on theoretical frameworks such as the Uppsala Internationalization Model, Institutional Theory, Network Theory and the Resource Based View (RBV) to provide insights into the complex dynamics of internationalization, innovation and dealing with cultural, regulatory and operational challenges of SMEs in the field of digital mental health.

Date of Award	26 Jun 2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Ricardo Reis (Supervisor)