Perfil microbiológico e resistência bacteriana das hemoculturas da unidade de cuidados intensivos da unidade local de saúde do Alto-Minho

Abstract

The blood is a sterile liquid that in the presence of microorganisms may initiates a process of bacteremia. The detection of the pathogen is generally performed by a qualitative procedure using blood culture. This procedure is an analytical test, in which the blood specimen is introduced and incubated into bottles with culture medium and allows to verify the presence of microorganisms. The Hospital Intensive Care Unit is a sector highly complex due to the nature of patients they receive which is associated with a high mortality rate. This area comprises hospital patients with severely compromised state of health and in which the risk of nosocomial infections is very high. So, the objective of this work was to establish a retrospective study of blood cultures on the Intensive Care Unit, of Alto Minho Hospitalar Unit, in the period of 2005 to 2009, based on the results of the microbiology laboratory. We analyzed 125 samples from patients with positive blood cultures, of which 89 subjects were male with an average age of 59.9 years and 36 female subjects with an average age of 68.6 years. Concerning the isolated microorganisms, there was a greater prevalence of coagulase negative Staphylococci, being recorded 31 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 11 cases of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and 15 cases of Staphylococcus hominis; in the group of Streptococcus spp there was 6 cases Enterococcus faecalis and 9 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae; the group of oxidase negative Gram-negative bacilli 5 cases of Escherichia coli and 2 cases of Serratia marcescens were observed. The lowest prevalence was obtained for oxidase positive Gram-negative bacilli, 7 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 cases of Acinetobacter baumannii. Regarding the profile of antibiotic sensitivity, all Gram-positive microorganisms were sensitive to vancomycin and oxacillin-resistant, while Gram-negative showed up 25 to 30% resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and imipenem and above 65% of Gram-negative bacilli oxidase negative were resistant to cefotaxime. ULSAM consists of an Infection Control Committee that continuously implements surveillance programmes to reduce the nosocomial infections, however given the results and facing the reality of hospital infections, is a daily challenge to improve and enhance measures to solve this increasingly problematic is a daily challenge.

Date of Award	2012
Original language	Portuguese
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	José António Mota Freitas (Supervisor) & Maria Manuela Pintado (Co-Supervisor)