Programa de intervenção de enfermagem para a promoção do autocuidado na pessoa com ostomia de ventilação

Abstract

Of the areas of attention that are sensitive to nursing care in the process of transition to life with a tracheostomy, self-care stands out as one of the most significant. Despite the recognition of its importance, there was no evidence on nursing interventions to promote self-care in people with a tracheostomy. At the same time, the care provided was often described as discontinuous, insufficient, and variable. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to develop and to study the feasibility of a nursing intervention program to promote self-care in people with a tracheostomy, capable of systematizing clinical practice. To this end, the theoretical development and feasibility study of an intervention program was carried out, based on the recommendations of the Medical Research Council. First, a scoping review was carried out on nursing interventions to promote self-care in people with a tracheostomy and their results. Subsequently, two qualitative studies were carried out with those involved: people with a tracheostomy and nurses in clinical practice, to learn about their expectations, preferences, and difficulties. Then, the program was designed using the criteria of Aranda (2008). Written educational materials were also designed and assessed as resources to support the implementation of the program. Afterwards, the suitability of the program was assessed by experts and its acceptance by nurses in clinical practice, through a qualitative focus group study. The intervention program created consists of six sequential thematic modules. In each of the modules, the objective was defined, the data that must be obtained before its implementation, the right moment to intervene, the nursing interventions, the contents of the interventions, their administration methods, and the dose. The written educational manuals "Living after a tracheotomy" and "Living after a total laryngectomy" were also developed and assessed. Participants in the evaluation studies found the program and manuals to be adequate, well-structured, and clinically useful. This research has made it possible to improve disciplinary knowledge about promoting self-care in the transition to life with a tracheostomy. On the other hand, it may contribute to the improvement of clinical practice, by designing an intervention program based on evidence, in the perception of those involved and evaluated by experts, which meets the methodological rigor required for the development of complex interventions in the health area.

Date of Award	11 Jun 2024
Original language	Portuguese
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Célia Samarina Vilaça de Brito Santos (Supervisor) & Maria Alice Correia de Brito (Co-Supervisor)