Scaling precision fermentation

: value creation, capture, and the role of strategic partnerships

Abstract

This thesis investigates how precision fermentation (PF) companies create and capture value, overcome growth barriers, and scale operations in the alternative dairy industry. Using qualitative research, it integrates insights from six industry expert interviews and a literature review, drawing on frameworks like Porter’s Five Forces, Teece’s complementary assets, and Gulati’s strategic alliances theories. Findings highlight technological innovation as central to PF, enabling environmentally sustainable dairy-identical proteins. Strategic alliances, including vertical partnerships and industry-wide initiatives like the Precision Fermentation Alliance, play a pivotal role in addressing scalability, regulatory challenges, and consumer trust. Despite its promise, the PF industry faces significant challenges, including high CAPEX, complex regulatory landscapes, and consumer skepticism toward lab-grown foods. To thrive, PF companies must focus on refining their value propositions and strategically positioning themselves within the market. Future research could include field studies to analyze consumer perceptions of PF products, exploring factors such as willingness to pay, perceived health benefits, and alignment with sustainability values. This would provide actionable insights for companies seeking to enhance their market positioning and drive adoption.

Date of Award	28 Apr 2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	João Luís Flórido (Supervisor)