The adoption of AI in clinical practice

: exploring neuroradiologists’ perceptions and perspectives

Abstract

As the world population ages, the prevalence of chronic health conditions increases, and healthcare faces an ever-growing demand for services with progressively higher costs. This is particularly concerning for non-communicable diseases such as neurological disorders, which are a known burden of mortality, morbidity and disability. In neuroradiology, as in other medical fields, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to unlock cost reduction while simultaneously improving the efficacy of health services. However, despite the existence of numerous AI applications in healthcare, its adoption by healthcare institutions is still in its infancy and heavily dependent on health professionals’ acceptance and expectations towards AI. In this dissertation, the perceptions and perspectives of neuroradiologists towards the adoption of AI in clinical practice are explored. An online survey conducted collected responses from 184 neuroradiologists and showed that the use of AI is still low and that AI-specific knowledge is limited. Despite showing an overall positive attitude towards the use of AI, neuroradiologists are primarily concerned about technological malfunctions and lack of regulation. Results show a positive association between AI knowledge and a positive attitude towards its use. On the other hand, a negative association was found between AI knowledge and fear towards it. No significant relationship was found between age and AI use. Reassurance through providing explanation and validation of new technologies, suitable working conditions, and the creation of a robust legal framework are possibilities in the making to raise trust, provide encouragement, and establish AI readiness.

Date of Award	3 May 2022
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Henrique Martins (Supervisor)