The relationship between leader-member exchange quality and employee motivation

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) quality and employee motivation, focusing on autonomous and controlled forms of motivation. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory and utilizing a quantitative methodology, data were collected through a survey of 178 employees from an international consulting firm. Motivation was measured using the Revised Motivation at Work Scale, while LMX quality was assessed via its four dimensions: affect, loyalty, contribution, and professional respect. The findings reveal that high-quality LMX relationships are positively associated with autonomous motivation, characterized by intrinsic interest and alignment with personal values, and negatively associated with controlled motivation, which relies on external pressures and rewards. Age emerged as a significant factor, with older employees reporting higher autonomous and lower controlled motivation. Additionally, communication methods and interaction frequency influenced motivation, highlighting the potential drawbacks of videoconferencing. These results underscore the importance of fostering high-quality leader-member relationships to enhance employee motivation. The study contributes to the literature by extending the understanding of LMX to both autonomous and controlled motivation, offering practical insights for managers aiming to create supportive and engaging workplace environments. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed, emphasizing the need for more diverse samples and longitudinal designs.

Date of Award	4 Feb 2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Andrea Cavicchini (Supervisor)