Uma revisão scoping

: a influência da reserva cognitiva na proteção do estado cognitivo pós-lesão cerebral adquirida

Abstract

Background Cognitive Reserve (CR) hypothesis was introduced to account for the variability in cognitive performance of patients with similar degrees of brain injury or pathology. The individual variability of CR is modulated by the interaction of innate capacities and exposures throughout life, which can act as protectors against neuropathology's clinical effects. Individuals with higher CR appear to have a better cognitive performance after a brain injury. The present review aimed to identify and map the scientific evidence available in the literature regarding CR's influence in the protection of the cognitive status after an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A literature search was performed for published and unpublished studies until October 2020 in scientific journals with peer review in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Results Twenty-one studies published between 2003 and 2020 were selected and analyzed. The literature analysis showed that CR has a positive effect on cognitive status after an ABI. Various proxies were used to assess CR, including estimated pre-morbid IQ, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, leisure activities, bilingualism and social integration. CR proxies constitute a set of variables that may have a significant influence on cognitive status. Higher CR levels were associated with lower cognitive impairment after an ABI. Conclusions Although more research is needed for a complete understanding of CR's impact on cognition, the synthesis of these studies confirmed that there is evidence on the beneficial impact of CR on cognitive status after an ABI. These findings support CR'srole in cognitive status following an ABI and may provide additional information for prognosis and rehabilitation plans.

Date of Award	26 Mar 2021
Original language	Portuguese
Awarding Institution	Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Supervisor	Maria Vânia Silva Nunes (Supervisor)