@article{3aae94a82b3947e28d655986f1e07d05,
title = "A culture-sensitive semi-quantitative FFQ for use among the adult population in Nairobi, Kenya: development, validity and reproducibility",
abstract = "Objective:To develop a semi-quantitative FFQ and to evaluate its validity and reproducibility for the assessment of total dietary intake of Kenyan urban adult population, given its non-existence in Kenya.Design:The current study adopted a cross-sectional design. A culture-sensitive semi-quantitative FFQ was developed and its validity was tested relative to three non-consecutive 24-h recalls (24hR). Reproducibility was tested by the test-retest method, with a 3-week interval. Spearman's correlation coefficients and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated for several macro- and micronutrients. Cross-classification into quartiles and Bland and Altman plots were analysed.Setting:Nairobi county (Dagoreti South and Starehe constituencies).Participants:A convenient sample was recruited in three different clusters in Nairobi.Results:A culture-sensitive 123-food-item semi-quantitative FFQ showed higher nutrient intakes compared with the 24hR (total energy median 12543·632 v. 8501·888 kJ, P < 0·001). Energy-adjusted and deattenuated Spearman's correlations for macronutrients ranged between 0·21 (total fat) and 0·47 (protein). The agreement in the same quartile varied from 28 % (protein) to 41 % (carbohydrates). Including adjacent quartiles, the range increased: 76 % (protein and fat) to 81 % (carbohydrates). The extreme disagreement was low. The first FFQ application resulted in higher mean values for all nutrients compared with the second FFQ (total energy median 12459·952 v. 10485·104 kJ, P < 0·001). Energy-adjusted correlations for macronutrients ranged from 0·28 (carbohydrates) to 0·61 (protein). Intra-class correlation coefficients for macronutrients were moderate, between 0·6 and 0·7.Conclusions:The developed semi-quantitative FFQ was shown to be a valid and reproducible tool for ranking urban adult Kenyans according to their dietary intake. ",
keywords = "24-h recalls, FFQ, Kenya, Reproducibility, Validity",
author = "Catarina Vila-Real and Ana Pimenta-Martins and Magu, {Jack Susan} and Catherine Kunyanga and Samuel Mbugua and Kati Katina and Maina, {Ndegwa H.} and Gomes, {Ana M. P.} and Elisabete Pinto",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank all the participants of the current study. They are also grateful to the entire research team, and to Filipe Pereira for support in database construction and data extraction. Financial support: This work was supported by National Funds from FCT, {\textquoteleft}Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia{\textquoteright}, through project {\textquoteleft}Optimisation of fermentation processes for the development of fibre-rich cereals-based products: promotion of fibre intake in Africa and Europe{\textquoteright} (ERA-AFR/0002/2013 BI_I) and the doctoral grant SFRH/BD/133084/2017 – {\textquoteleft}Dietary fibre intake and tailored fermentation toward the development of functional cereal fibre-rich food products: bridge between Africa and Europe{\textquoteright}. This work was supported by National Funds from FCT through project UID/Multi/50016/2019. Conflicts of interest: There are no conflicts of interest. Authorship: The authors{\textquoteright} contributions are as follows: C.V.-R., A.P.-M., E.P., A.G., N.H.M. and K.K. contributed to study design. C.V.-R. and J.S.M. contributed to data collection for both phases. C.V.-R. conducted the fieldwork, computed and analysed data and wrote the manuscript. E.P. and A.G. also contributed to the decision-making process during data collection, interpretation of findings, data analyses and writing of the manuscript. C.K. and S.M. facilitate the selection of interviewers and fieldwork logistics and contributed to the decisions regarding food list. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: The current study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the Institute for Bioethics, Catholic University of Portugal. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Authors 2020.",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1017/S136898002000169X",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "834--844",
journal = "Public health nutrition",
issn = "1368-9800",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "5",
}
