TY - JOUR
T1 - A retrospective overview of Zika virus evolution in the Midwest of Brazil
AU - Giovanetti, Marta
AU - Pereira, Luiz Augusto
AU - Adelino, Talita Emile Ribeiro
AU - Fonseca, Vagner
AU - Xavier, Joilson
AU - de Araújo Fabri, Allison
AU - Slavov, Svetoslav Nanev
AU - da Silva Lemos, Poliana
AU - de Almeida Marques, William
AU - Kashima, Simone
AU - Lourenço, José
AU - de Oliveira, Tulio
AU - de Albuquerque, Carlos Frederico Campelo
AU - Freitas, Carla
AU - Peterka, Cassio Roberto Leonel
AU - da Cunha, Rivaldo Venancio
AU - Mendonça, Ana Flávia
AU - da Silva, Vinícius Lemes
AU - Alcantara, Luiz Carlos Junior
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Decit/SCTIE/BrMoH/CNPq (440685/2016-8 to 421598/ 2018-2), by CAPES (88887.130716/2016-00), and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ZIKAlliance Grant Agreement no. 734548. J.X. is supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. M.G. is supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). J.L. was supported by a Research Lectureship by the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. Funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, writing, and/or decision to publish the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Giovanetti et al.
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Since the introduction of the Zika virus (ZIKV) into Brazil in 2015, its transmission dynamics have been intensively studied in many parts of the country, although much is still unknown about its circulation in the midwestern states. Here, using nanopore technology, we obtained 23 novel partial and near-complete ZIKV genomes from the state of Goiás, located in the Midwest of Brazil. Genomic, phylogenetic, and epidemiological approaches were used to retrospectively explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the ZIKV-Asian genotype in this region. As a likely consequence of a gradual accumulation of herd immunity, epidemiological data revealed a decline in the number of reported cases over 2018 to 2021. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that multiple independent introductions of the Asian lineage have occurred in Goiás over time and revealed a complex transmission dynamic between epidemic seasons. Together, our results highlight the utility of genomic, epidemiological, and evolutionary methods to understand mosquito-borne epidemics. IMPORTANCE Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of arboviral infections in Brazil, such as Zika, chikungunya, dengue fever, and yellow fever, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by the limited availability of genomic data to track and control the epidemic. In this study, we provide a retrospective reconstruction of the Zika virus transmission dynamics in the state of Goiás by analyzing genomic data from areas in Midwest Brazil not covered by other previous studies. Our study provides an understanding of how ZIKV initiates transmission in this region and reveals a complex transmission dynamic between epidemic seasons. Together, our results highlight the utility of genomic, epidemiological, and evolutionary methods to understand mosquito-borne epidemics, revealing how this toolkit can be used to help policymakers prioritize areas to be targeted, especially in the context of finite public health resources.
AB - Since the introduction of the Zika virus (ZIKV) into Brazil in 2015, its transmission dynamics have been intensively studied in many parts of the country, although much is still unknown about its circulation in the midwestern states. Here, using nanopore technology, we obtained 23 novel partial and near-complete ZIKV genomes from the state of Goiás, located in the Midwest of Brazil. Genomic, phylogenetic, and epidemiological approaches were used to retrospectively explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the ZIKV-Asian genotype in this region. As a likely consequence of a gradual accumulation of herd immunity, epidemiological data revealed a decline in the number of reported cases over 2018 to 2021. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that multiple independent introductions of the Asian lineage have occurred in Goiás over time and revealed a complex transmission dynamic between epidemic seasons. Together, our results highlight the utility of genomic, epidemiological, and evolutionary methods to understand mosquito-borne epidemics. IMPORTANCE Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of arboviral infections in Brazil, such as Zika, chikungunya, dengue fever, and yellow fever, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by the limited availability of genomic data to track and control the epidemic. In this study, we provide a retrospective reconstruction of the Zika virus transmission dynamics in the state of Goiás by analyzing genomic data from areas in Midwest Brazil not covered by other previous studies. Our study provides an understanding of how ZIKV initiates transmission in this region and reveals a complex transmission dynamic between epidemic seasons. Together, our results highlight the utility of genomic, epidemiological, and evolutionary methods to understand mosquito-borne epidemics, revealing how this toolkit can be used to help policymakers prioritize areas to be targeted, especially in the context of finite public health resources.
KW - Asian lineage
KW - Genomic epidemiology
KW - Midwest Brazil
KW - Zika virus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129274544&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/spectrum.00155-22
DO - 10.1128/spectrum.00155-22
M3 - Article
C2 - 35254139
AN - SCOPUS:85129274544
SN - 2165-0497
VL - 10
JO - Microbiology spectrum
JF - Microbiology spectrum
IS - 2
ER -
