Evaporation and permeation of fragrance applied to the skin

This study proposes a mathematical model based on a differential mass balance for predicting the evaporation and permeation profiles of fragrance systems applied to skin. For that, three fragrance systems (α-pinene, limonene, and linalool diluted in ethanol) were tested, and the experimental assays were performed using a Franz diffusion cell with porcine skin as a barrier. Both finite and infinite doses were studied: the first one to simulate a realistic scenario and the second one to obtain experimental skin permeation coefficients values. The liquid concentrations of the odorants in the receptor chamber were assessed using a dynamic headspace coupled to gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and the gas concentrations (donor chamber) of the odorants were achieved by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Our model described well both the release and permeation of all tested fragrance systems. In conclusion, we are proposing a relatively robust tool for predicting the performance of fragrance systems from skin, allowing the development of novel and/or most efficient fragrance formulations.