Rethinking United Nations peacekeeping missions: the case of Western Sahara

Joana Carolina Saragoça Lameira Ramos

Rethinking United Nations peacekeeping missions: the case of Western Sahara

Resultado de pesquisa

Resumo

Este estudo pretende responder a uma questão: será a atual estratégia de resolução de conflitos, definida pelas Nações Unidas, sustentável, ou deverá um novo modelo ser adotado? Para responder a esta pergunta, foi analisada a evolução do conceito de conflito, baseado na definição apresentada por autores como Lewis Coser, Ralph Dahrendorf, e Raymond Aron. Uma vez encontrada uma definição, foram apresentadas algumas teorias de resolução de conflitos, ilustradas nos trabalhos de Edward Azar e John Galtung, bem como a ideia desenvolvida pela Nações Unidas, com particular enfoque no relatório apresentado pelo antigo Secretário-Geral Boutros Boutros Ghali, Agenda para a Paz. Esta tese apresenta ainda a evolução das operações de paz ao longo do tempo. Através de uma análise crítica, sublinha a falta de comunicação, recursos, preparação e vontade políticas como principais problemas que assolam as missões de paz. Neste sentido, este trabalho revela que um acordo de paz não afasta anos de ressentimento ou ódio, nem produz entre as comunidades uma convivência pacífica após anos de violência e guerra. Em linha com estas conclusões, este estudo propõe a teoria de Transformação de Conflitos apresentada por John Paul Lederach como uma estratégia alternativa para repensar estas missões. Salientando a importância das relações para alcançar reconciliação, esta teoria enfatiza o papel central que cada indivíduo deve assumir para alcançar a paz. Tendo como base o exemplo do conflito no Sahara Ocidental, é possível concluir que é necessário repensar as missões de paz. Com início em 1975, este conflito dura há 40 anos, sem um fim à vista. Este estudo argumenta ainda que a abordagem sugerida por Lederach apresenta-se como uma possibilidade de desbloquear este conflito, sobretudo quando tudo o resto parece ter falhado. Poderá melhorar a comunicação e o entendimento entre as partes, fornecendo assim as ferramentas para que ambas possam construir um futuro em conjunto.

Idioma original	English
Instituição de premiação	Instituto de Estudos Políticos
Supervisores/Consultores	Dias, Mónica, Supervisor
Data do prémio	18 mar. 2021
Estado da publicação	Publicado - 18 mar. 2021

Acesso ao documento

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/32455Licença: Unspecified

CIEP: Research Centre of the Institute for Political Studies
Alves, A. A. (PI), Mateus, A. (Professor Catedrático), Azevedo, A. (Estudante), Leitão, T. C. (Professor Auxiliar Convidado), Duarte, A. R. (Outra carreira/categoria no setor público), Ramos, A. F. (Outra carreira/categoria no setor público), Garschagen, B. (Estudante), Pacatolo, C. (Estudante), Almeida, C. M. D. (Professor Auxiliar Convidado), Cabrita, C. (Carreira no setor privado), Silva, D. (Bolseiro), Correia, E. P. (Carreira no setor privado), Gonçalves, F. J. (Carreira no setor privado), Garcia, F. P. (Professor Associado Convidado), Ribeiro, G. M. (Docente do ensino não superior), Varajidás, H. (Carreira no setor privado), Chelo, H. (Professor Auxiliar), Correia, I. (Carreira no setor privado), Gregório, I. (Assistente de Investigação), Moreira, I. (Professor Auxiliar Convidado), Câmara, J. B. (Estudante), Espada, J. C. (Professor Catedrático), Coutinho, J. P. (Professor Auxiliar), André, J. G. (Professor Auxiliar), Moreira, J. M. (Professor Catedrático), Castello Branco, J. T. (Professor Auxiliar Convidado), Quintino, K. H. (Estudante), Pinto, L. V. (Outra carreira/categoria no setor público), Cruz, M. B. D. (Professor Catedrático), Gambôa, E. (Professor Auxiliar Convidado), Barroso, L. D. (Estudante), Franco, L. (Professor Auxiliar), Mendonça, M. (Professor Auxiliar), Morgado, M. (Professor Auxiliar), Dias, M. (Professor Auxiliar), Amado, N. M. (Carreira no setor privado), Sampaio, N. (Professor Auxiliar Convidado), Samões, O. (Professor Auxiliar), Ferro, P. (Carreira no setor privado), Moreira, P. (Carreira no setor privado), Duque, R. (Professor Auxiliar Convidado), Brito, R. (Docente Assistente), Mangerona, S. (Carreira no setor privado), Cajarabille, V. (Outra carreira/categoria no setor público), Hasselberger, W. (Professor Auxiliar) & Ribeiro, S. (Professor Auxiliar Convidado)
1/01/20 → 31/12/25
Projeto

Citação

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title = "Rethinking United Nations peacekeeping missions: the case of Western Sahara",

abstract = "This study aims to address a simple question: is the current strategy of conflict resolution defined and developed by the United Nations sustainable, or should a new model be adopted? To answer this, this work has presented an analysis of the evolution of the concept of conflict, as defined by several crucial authors, such as Lewis Coser, Ralph Dahrendorf, and Raymond Aron. Once a suitable definition was found, several theories on conflict resolution were addressed, particularly the works of Edward Azar, John Galtung, and the development of this notion within the United Nations, mainly focused in former UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali report, An Agenda for Peace. Then, this thesis focuses on presenting the evolution of peacekeeping operations through time. In a critical analysis, it stresses the missions{\textquoteright} lack of communication, resources, preparation, and political will. With unfit and unclear mandates, their main goal of reaching an agreement is insufficient in today{\textquoteright}s world. This study shows that an agreement will not take away years of resentment and hate, nor will it lead people to a peaceful coexistence after years of violence and war. In line with these conclusions, this study proposes John Paul Lederach{\textquoteright}s theory on Conflict Transformation as an alternative strategy to rethink peacekeeping operations. Highlighting the importance of relationships to achieve reconciliation, it emphasizes the central role individuals must play to achieve peace. Through the example of the conflict in Western Sahara, this work concludes that there is the need to rethink peace operations as a whole. Beginning in 1975, this conflict lasts for 40 years, without a foreseeable end. This research goes further by arguing that this new approach suggested by Lederach can help unlock this stalemate when everything else seems to have failed. If applied, it can improve parties{\textquoteright} communication and understanding of the other, thus providing them with tools to create and envision a new shared future.",

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N2 - This study aims to address a simple question: is the current strategy of conflict resolution defined and developed by the United Nations sustainable, or should a new model be adopted? To answer this, this work has presented an analysis of the evolution of the concept of conflict, as defined by several crucial authors, such as Lewis Coser, Ralph Dahrendorf, and Raymond Aron. Once a suitable definition was found, several theories on conflict resolution were addressed, particularly the works of Edward Azar, John Galtung, and the development of this notion within the United Nations, mainly focused in former UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali report, An Agenda for Peace. Then, this thesis focuses on presenting the evolution of peacekeeping operations through time. In a critical analysis, it stresses the missions’ lack of communication, resources, preparation, and political will. With unfit and unclear mandates, their main goal of reaching an agreement is insufficient in today’s world. This study shows that an agreement will not take away years of resentment and hate, nor will it lead people to a peaceful coexistence after years of violence and war. In line with these conclusions, this study proposes John Paul Lederach’s theory on Conflict Transformation as an alternative strategy to rethink peacekeeping operations. Highlighting the importance of relationships to achieve reconciliation, it emphasizes the central role individuals must play to achieve peace. Through the example of the conflict in Western Sahara, this work concludes that there is the need to rethink peace operations as a whole. Beginning in 1975, this conflict lasts for 40 years, without a foreseeable end. This research goes further by arguing that this new approach suggested by Lederach can help unlock this stalemate when everything else seems to have failed. If applied, it can improve parties’ communication and understanding of the other, thus providing them with tools to create and envision a new shared future.

AB - This study aims to address a simple question: is the current strategy of conflict resolution defined and developed by the United Nations sustainable, or should a new model be adopted? To answer this, this work has presented an analysis of the evolution of the concept of conflict, as defined by several crucial authors, such as Lewis Coser, Ralph Dahrendorf, and Raymond Aron. Once a suitable definition was found, several theories on conflict resolution were addressed, particularly the works of Edward Azar, John Galtung, and the development of this notion within the United Nations, mainly focused in former UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali report, An Agenda for Peace. Then, this thesis focuses on presenting the evolution of peacekeeping operations through time. In a critical analysis, it stresses the missions’ lack of communication, resources, preparation, and political will. With unfit and unclear mandates, their main goal of reaching an agreement is insufficient in today’s world. This study shows that an agreement will not take away years of resentment and hate, nor will it lead people to a peaceful coexistence after years of violence and war. In line with these conclusions, this study proposes John Paul Lederach’s theory on Conflict Transformation as an alternative strategy to rethink peacekeeping operations. Highlighting the importance of relationships to achieve reconciliation, it emphasizes the central role individuals must play to achieve peace. Through the example of the conflict in Western Sahara, this work concludes that there is the need to rethink peace operations as a whole. Beginning in 1975, this conflict lasts for 40 years, without a foreseeable end. This research goes further by arguing that this new approach suggested by Lederach can help unlock this stalemate when everything else seems to have failed. If applied, it can improve parties’ communication and understanding of the other, thus providing them with tools to create and envision a new shared future.

M3 - Master's Thesis

ER -

Rethinking United Nations peacekeeping missions: the case of Western Sahara

Resumo

Acesso ao documento

Impressão digital

Projetos

CIEP: Research Centre of the Institute for Political Studies

Citação